Correlation of Glucose Regulation and Hemoglobin A<sub>Ic</sub>in Diabetes Mellitus

Koenig, Ronald J.; Peterson, Charles M.; Jones, Robert L.; Saudek, Christopher D.; Lehrman, Mark L.; Cerami, Anthony

doi:10.1056/nejm197608192950804

Cited by 1,146 publications

(588 citation statements)

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“…These showed that WA administration failed to reduce FBG levels but reduced HbA 1c levels in subjects after 2 and 3 months of treatment (Figure 4), and the effect was more apparent in subjects with higher initial HbA 1c levels (HbA 1c Z7.0) (Figure 5). Since HbA 1 c is an abnormally glycosylated hemoglobin (Bunn et al, 1976), which reflects overall blood glucose control (Koenig et al, 1976), the reductions of HbA 1 c might indicate that the long-term administration of WA improved the overall blood glucose control in diabetic patients with mild hyperglycemia. This was consistent with the suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia as shown in the single administration experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of single and long-term administration of wheat albumin on blood glucose control: randomized controlled clinical trials

Kodama

Miyazaki²,

Kitamura

et al. 2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To examine the effects of single and long-term administration of wheat albumin (WA) on blood glucose levels and blood glucose control, respectively. Design: Randomly arranged crossover trial for single administration in healthy subjects and double-blinded randomized controlled trial for long-term administration (3 months) in diabetic patients. In vitro a-amylase inhibitory activity of WA was also determined. Setting: Central Research Laboratories of Nisshin Flour Milling Co. Ltd. (Saitama, Japan) for single administration and Aiwa Clinic (Saitama, Japan) for long-term administration. Subjects: A total of 12 healthy adult male volunteers for the single administration and 24 type II outpatient diabetics with mild hyperglycemia for the long-term administration. Interventions: Subjects took soups containing 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g WA before test meals for single administration, and patients took soups with or without 0.5 g WA before every meal for the long-term (3 months) administration. Results: In vitro a-amylase inhibitory activity of WA was 150 times that of wheat flour. In the single administration experiment, WA suppressed peak postprandial blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner: 31, 47, and 50% reduction after 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g administrations, respectively. In the long-term administration, 0.5 g of WA did not affect fasting blood glucose levels, whereas it reduced hemoglobin A 1 c levels. No significant adverse effects such as hypoglycemia or gastrointestinal disturbances were observed in the two experiments. Conclusion: In the treatment of type II diabetic patients, WA might be a useful functional food, which, with diet and exercise, could help to improve blood glucose control without any critical adverse effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of single and long-term administration of wheat albumin on blood glucose control: randomized controlled clinical trials

Kodama

Miyazaki²,

Kitamura

et al. 2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…HbA1c is a time-averaged measure of blood glucose control and can be twice as high in patients with poor glucose control when compared to normal patients. 26 A total of 110 animals were used to measure cellular proliferation (n ¼ 26), histomorphometric (n ¼ 18), and biomechanical (n ¼ 66) parameters of fracture healing. All research protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey.…”

Section: Animal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor BB (rhPDGF‐BB) and beta‐tricalcium phosphate/collagen matrix enhance fracture healing in a diabetic rat model

Al-Zube

Breitbart

O’Connor

et al. 2009

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Diabetes mellitus is a common systemic disease that has been associated with poor fracture healing outcomes. The mechanism through which diabetes impairs bone regeneration is unknown. One possible mechanism may be related to either decreased or uncoordinated release of local growth factors at the fracture site. Indeed, previous studies have found reduced platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) levels in the fracture callus of diabetic rats, suggesting that local application of PDGF may overcome the negative effects of diabetes and promote fracture healing. To test this hypothesis, low (22 mg) and high (75 ug) doses of recombinant human PDGF-BB (rhPDGF-BB) were applied directly to femur fracture sites in BB Wistar diabetic rats that were then compared to untreated or vehicle-treated animals. rhPDGF-BB treatment significantly increased early callus cell proliferation compared to that in control specimens. Low dose rhPDGF-BB treatment significantly increased callus peak torque values (p < 0.05) at 8 weeks after fracture as compared to controls. High dose rhPDGF-BB treatment increased callus bone area at 12 weeks postfracture. These data indicate that rhPDGF-BB treatment ameliorates the effects of diabetes on fracture healing by promoting early cellular proliferation that ultimately leads to more bone formation. Local application of rhPDGF-BB may be a new therapeutic approach to treat diabetes-impaired fracture healing. ß

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“…In addition, Ditzel et al [11] noted that Hb Aic values fell over a period of weeks to months following initiation of insulin therapy in a group of newly diagnosed diabetics. On the other hand, the rate of decline of Hb Aic values following imposition of rigorous diabetic control in a group of five diabetics described by Koenig et al [12] appeared inconsistent with a reduction in rate of synthesis alone. Furthermore, high correlations have been reported between Hb Aic values and virtually simultaneous blood glucose concentrations [13,14].…”

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confidence: 89%

Temporal relationship of glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations to glucose control in diabetics

et al. 1979

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Summary. To examine the temporal relationship between Hb Aic values and various indices of blood glucose control, 38 diabetic and 28 nondiabetic youth counsellors employed at two summer camps for diabetic children took part in an eight-week study. Each week fasting determinations were made of Hb AI, Hb Al~ , serum cholesterol, triglyceride and growth hormone and plasma glucose. Total daily urine glucose excretion was measured approximately two times per week, capillary glucose values were measured fasting and at 11 a. m. and 3 p. m. on two days per week, and urine glucose was measured semiquantitatively four times per day. As Hb AI was correlated highly with Hb AI0 (r = 0.997), it was used as the primary index of glycosylated haemoglobin. The mean values of Hb AI, serum cholesterol and triglycerides and fasting plasma glucose were all significantly elevated in the diabetic group but only Hb AI values provided total separation of the two groups. Within the diabetic group the Week 8 Hb A I values showed a significant correlation with the Week 8 mean capillary glucose concentrations, the proportion of urine tests showing 2% and 0% glycosuria, and mean serum triglycerides. Correlations of Week 8 Hb A~ with the mean values of these glycaemic parameters for each week of the study demonstrated low order correlations with the glycaemie measures of Week 1, and a progressive increase in the degree of correlation reaching a plateau with the glycaernic measures of Week 4 to 8. Similar correlation analysis using the Hb Ai values from Week 4 confirmed these findings. Therefore, while Hb AI provides an index of the control of diabetes, it appears to be more acutely responsive to blood glucose alteration than generally recognized.

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Correlation of Glucose Regulation and Hemoglobin A_Icin Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 1,146 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of single and long-term administration of wheat albumin on blood glucose control: randomized controlled clinical trials

Effects of single and long-term administration of wheat albumin on blood glucose control: randomized controlled clinical trials

Recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor BB (rhPDGF‐BB) and beta‐tricalcium phosphate/collagen matrix enhance fracture healing in a diabetic rat model

Temporal relationship of glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations to glucose control in diabetics

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Correlation of Glucose Regulation and Hemoglobin AIcin Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 1,146 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of single and long-term administration of wheat albumin on blood glucose control: randomized controlled clinical trials

Effects of single and long-term administration of wheat albumin on blood glucose control: randomized controlled clinical trials

Recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor BB (rhPDGF‐BB) and beta‐tricalcium phosphate/collagen matrix enhance fracture healing in a diabetic rat model

Temporal relationship of glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations to glucose control in diabetics

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Correlation of Glucose Regulation and Hemoglobin A_Icin Diabetes Mellitus