Correlation of Gut Hormones with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Zhang, Hongjie; Yan, Yan; Shi, Ruihua; Lin, Zheng; Wang, Meifeng; Lin, Lin

doi:10.1159/000165352

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Our group previously showed that MCs and VIP regulate the ileal barrier of healthy humans and during stress in rats via VIP-receptors (VPAC1/VPAC2) on MCs 25 . Increased plasma levels of VIP have been reported in IBS patients 31 and in an IBS-animal model 32 , and there appears to be a positive correlation between an increased intestinal transcellular permeability and amount of mucosal MCs in IBS-D 33 . In addition, increased MC numbers and tryptase levels have been found in biopsies of caecum 34 and jejunum 35 of IBS patients, and increased paracellular permeability and higher MC numbers were demonstrated in colon of IBS-D patients 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and Mast Cells Regulate Increased Passage of Colonic Bacteria in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

et al. 2017

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Background & Aims Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and symptoms of IBS develop following gastroenteritis. We aimed to study passage of live bacteria through the colonic epithelium, and determine the role of mast cells and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in barrier regulation in IBS and healthy individuals. Methods Colon biopsies from 32 women with IBS and 15 age-matched healthy women (controls) were mounted in Ussing chambers; we measured numbers of fluorescently labeled Escherichia coli HS and Salmonella typhimurium that passed through from the mucosal side to the serosal side of the tissue. Some biopsies were exposed to agents that block the VIP receptors (VPAC1 and VPAC2) or mast cells. Levels of VIP and tryptase were measured in plasma and biopsy lysates. Number of mast cells and mast cells that express VIP or VIP receptors were quantified by immunofluorescence. Biopsies from an additional 5 patients with IBS and 4 controls were mounted in chambers and Salmonella were added; we studied passage routes through the epithelium by transmission electron microscopy and expression of tight junctions by confocal microscopy Results In colon biopsies from patients with IBS, larger numbers of E coli HS and Salmonella passed through the epithelium than in biopsies from controls (P<.0005). In transmission electron microscopy analyses, bacteria were found to cross the epithelium via only the transcellular route. Bacterial passage was reduced in biopsies from patients with IBS and controls after addition of antibodies against VPACs or ketotifen, which inhibits mast cells. Plasma samples from patients with IBS had higher levels of VIP than plasma samples from controls. Biopsies from patients with IBS had higher levels of tryptase, larger numbers of mast cells, and a higher percentage of mast cells that express VPAC1 than biopsies from controls. In biopsies from patients with IBS, addition of Salmonella significantly reduced levels of occludin; subsequent addition of ketotifen significantly reversed this effect. Conclusions We found that colonic epithelium tissues from patients with IBS have increased translocation of commensal and pathogenic live bacteria, compared with controls. Mechanisms of increased translocation include mast cells and VIP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and Mast Cells Regulate Increased Passage of Colonic Bacteria in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

et al. 2017

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“…Several of these molecules have been found to associate with functional gastrointestinal disorders and their symptoms such as IBS and functional dyspepsia. [6][7][8] These cells interact and integrate with the enteric nervous system, a complex network of neurons and glia distributed throughout the gut wall, which regulates most aspects of intestinal functions. 9 Recently, it has been shown that different cell types underneath the intestinal epithelial layer, such as stromal cells, immune cells, and enteric glia, provide important signals involved in regulating intestinal epithelial homeostasis/repair and modulating sensitivity of the enteric nervous system.…”

Section: Different Functions Of Intestinal Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cells in the Intestine: Possible Roles in Pathogenesis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Ratanasirintrawoot

Israsena

2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders that significantly impair quality of life in patients. Current available treatments are still not effective and the pathophysiology of this condition remains unclearly defined. Recently, research on intestinal stem cells has greatly advanced our understanding of various GI disorders. Alterations in conserved stem cell regulatory pathways such as Notch, Wnt, and bone morphogenic protein/TGF -β have been well documented in diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. Interaction between intestinal stem cells and various signals from their environment is important for the control of stem cell self-renewal, regulation of number and function of specific intestinal cell types, and maintenance of the mucosal barrier. Besides their roles in stem cell regulation, these signals are also known to have potent effects on immune cells, enteric nervous system and secretory cells in the gut, and may be responsible for various aspects of pathogenesis of functional GI disorders, including visceral hypersensitivity, altered gut motility and low grade gut inflammation. In this article, we briefly summarize the components of these signaling pathways, how they can be modified by extrinsic factors and novel treatments, and provide evidenced support of their roles in the inflammation processes. Furthermore, we propose how changes in these signals may contribute to the symptom development and pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome.

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“…The most frequently addressed peptides include 5-hydroxytyptamine (5-HT), cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide, somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, endocannabinoid, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), etc. [1,7,23,41,46,[69][70][71][72] . For example, the fact that 5-HT related agonists and antagonists have been developed effectively to treat either IBS-C or IBS-D patients strongly suggests that certain peptide dysfunction is one of important mechanisms leading to IBS [1,7,23] .…”

Section: Visceral Hypersensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Irritable bowel syndrome: The evolution of multi-dimensional looking and multidisciplinary treatments

Chang¹

2014

WJG

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common in the society. Among the putative pathogeneses, gut dysmotility results in pain and disturbed defecation. The latter is probably caused by the effect of abnormal gut water secretion. The interaction between abnormal gas accumulation, abdominal pain and bloating remains controversial. Visceral hypersensitivity and its modification along with the central transmission are the characteristics of IBS patients. The identification of biologic markers based on genetic polymorphisms is undetermined. Imbalanced gut microbiota may alter epithelial permeability to activate nociceptive sensory pathways which in turn lead to IBS. Certain food constituents may exacerbate bowel symptoms. The impact of adult and childhood abuses on IBS is underestimated. Using the concept of biopsychosocial dysfunction can integrate multidimensional pathogeneses. Antispasmodics plus stool consistency modifiers to treat the major symptoms and defecation are the first-line drug treatment. New drugs targeting receptors governing bowel motility, sensation and secretion can be considered, but clinicians must be aware of their potential serious side effects. Psychiatric drugs and modalities may be the final options for treating intractable subjects. Probiotics of multi-species preparations are safe and worth to be considered for the treatment. Antibiotics are promising but their long-term safety and effectiveness are unknown. Diet therapy including exclusion of certain food constituents is an economic measure. Using relatively safe complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) may be optional to those patients who failed classical treatment. In conclusion, IBS is a heterogeneous disorder with multidimensional pathogeneses. Personalized medicines with multidisciplinary approaches using different classes of drugs, psychiatric measures, probiotics and antibiotics, dietary therapy, and finally CAMs, can be considered.

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Correlation of Gut Hormones with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Cited by 41 publications

References 49 publications

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and Mast Cells Regulate Increased Passage of Colonic Bacteria in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and Mast Cells Regulate Increased Passage of Colonic Bacteria in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Stem Cells in the Intestine: Possible Roles in Pathogenesis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome: The evolution of multi-dimensional looking and multidisciplinary treatments

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