Correlation of Haplotypes of a Fungal Plant Pathogen with their Respective Host Species of Origin

Garr, Stephanie S.; Hughes, Carolyn F.; Brown, Scott A.; Perlin, Michael H.

doi:10.1094/pdis.1997.81.8.936

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In fact, there were nearly as many null as positive results (table 1), indicating that poor representation of null results did not occur. Thus, we would run into the associated 'file drawer problem' (Arnqvist & Wooster 1995) only if null studies based on parasites with narrow host ranges (NHR) were less likely to be pub- Garr et al (1997). b Found in two biotypes; one specific to B. frutescens and the other exclusive on two other host species (Stiling et al 1999).…”

Section: (A) Data Collection and Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Host range and local parasite adaptation

Lajeunesse

Forbes

2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

160

142

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Parasites may be expected to become locally adapted to their hosts. However, while many empirical studies have demonstrated local parasite adaptation, others have failed to demonstrate it, or have shown local parasite maladaptation. Researchers have suggested that gene flow can swamp local parasite-host dynamics and produce local adaptation only at certain geographical scales; others have argued that evolutionary lags can account for both null and maladaptive results. In this paper, we use item response theory (IRT) to test whether host range influences the likelihood of parasites locally adapting to their hosts. We collated 32 independent experiments testing for local adaptation, where parasites could be assigned as having either broad or narrow host ranges (BHR and NHR, respectively). Twenty-five tests based on BHR parasites had a significantly lower average effect size than seven NHR tests, indicating that studies based on BHR parasites are less likely to demonstrate local parasite adaptation. We argue that this may relate to evolutionary lags during diffuse coevolution of BHR parasites with their hosts, rather than differences in experimental approaches or other confounds between BHR and NHR studies.

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Section: (A) Data Collection and Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Host range and local parasite adaptation

Lajeunesse

Forbes

2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

160

142

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“…For decades, anther‐smut fungi have been taxonomically grouped under a single species designation ( Ustilago violacea and more recently Microbotryum violaceum ). However, cross‐inoculation experiments dating back to the early 20th century (Zillig, 1921; Goldschmidt, 1928) and recent molecular phylogenetic studies (Garr et al. , 1997; Perlin et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximized virulence in a sterilizing pathogen: the anther‐smut fungus and its co‐evolved hosts

Sloan

Giraud

Hood

2008

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Host sterilization is a common feature of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Because host reproductive failure may free up resources for pathogen reproduction and transmission, theory predicts that selection on sterilizing pathogens will favour maximum virulence (i.e. complete sterilization). We examined patterns of infection in sexually transmitted anther‐smut fungi (Microbotryum) on four of their host species in the Caryophyllaceae. Using controlled fungal matings and experimental inoculations, we compared disease expression in inoculations ranging from host‐specific pathogens to hybrids and cross‐species treatments. Our data support the existence of host‐specific sibling species within the genus Microbotryum based on a low infection rate from cross‐inoculations and reduced fitness for hybrid pathogens. These patterns of host specificity and reproductive isolation, however, were not absolute. We did observe some successful cross‐species and hybrid infections, but the expression of disease was frequently incomplete, including only partial host sterilization and the failed dehiscence of pathogen spores. The prevalence of these maladapted disease phenotypes may greatly inhibit the emergence of novel host pathogen combinations. Infections by hybrid pathogen genotypes were intermediate, in terms of both infection rate and the normality of disease symptoms, between host‐specific and cross‐inoculated pathogens. In addition, the frequency with which hybrid and cross‐inoculated anther‐smut pathogens were able to infect but not sterilize new hosts supports the prediction that sterilizing STDs are under selection to maximize virulence in natural populations.

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“…Recently, M. violaceum populations from a number of different host species have been genetically characterized, revealing strong differentiation (e.g., Perlin 1996;Garr et al 1997;Shykoff et al 1999;Bucheli et al 2000). Although many of the host species that harbor different formae speciales of the fungus may be only distantly related, differentiation has also been shown between anther smuts on two closely related host species, Silene latifolia and S. dioica.…”

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Intraspecific Competition and Mating Between Fungal Strains of the Anther Smut Microbotryum Violaceum From the Host Plants Silene Latifolia and S. Dioica

2003

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Abstract. We studied intraspecific competition and assortative mating between strains of the anther smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum from two of its host species, Silene latifolia and S. dioica. Specifically, we investigated whether strains from allopatric host populations have higher competitive ability on their native host species and show positive assortative mating. In general, strains isolated from S. latifolia outcompeted strains isolated from S. dioica on both host species, but in female hosts, heterotypic dikaryons (i.e., dikaryons composed of a haploid strain originating from S. latifolia and a haploid strain originating from S. dioica) were most successful in competition. Furthermore, the latency period was significantly shorter for heterokaryons that contained at least one strain originating from S. latifolia, compared to heterokaryons that only contained strains originating from S. dioica. The frequencies of conjugations between strains originating from S. latifolia were much higher than conjugation frequencies between strains originating from S. dioica. A significant positive correlation was detected between the relative success of strains in competition and in conjugation, suggesting that success of a strain in competition might be partly determined by its swiftness of mating. In addition, reciprocal differences within heterotypic crosses revealed a significant effect of fungal mating type, with mating type a 1 being the main determinant of mating pace. The observed differences in infection success, conjugation rate, and latency period in favor of strains from S. latifolia relative to strains from S. dioica on both host species are discussed in an evolutionary context of opportunities for the maintenance of differentiation between different formae speciales upon secondary contact.Key words. Competition success, conjugation, formae speciales, mating success, mating type, smut fungus.Received December 19, 2001. Accepted December 26, 2002 Plant parasites are often capable of infecting more than one host species and show intraspecific variation in host use. Understanding the origin and maintenance of such variation and the conditions under which this may lead to host race formation and speciation are central questions in evolutionary biology. Differences in performance of pathogens on different host species and positive assortative mating are expected to play an active role in processes of divergence between strains or in the maintenance of host related differentiation.

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Correlation of Haplotypes of a Fungal Plant Pathogen with their Respective Host Species of Origin

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Host range and local parasite adaptation

Host range and local parasite adaptation

Maximized virulence in a sterilizing pathogen: the anther‐smut fungus and its co‐evolved hosts

Intraspecific Competition and Mating Between Fungal Strains of the Anther Smut Microbotryum Violaceum From the Host Plants Silene Latifolia and S. Dioica

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