Correlation of histopathological characteristics with staining patterns in human melanoma assessed by (monoclonal) antibodies reactive on paraffin sections

Abstract

In order to investigate their possible role as prognostic markers, staining with the antibodies NKI/C-3 and anti-S100, that are applicable on paraffin sections, was examined using a group of primary cutaneous melanomas and autologous metastases using the immunoperoxidase procedure. All melanoma lesions stained with anti-S100, and the large majority with NKI/C-3. In primary melanomas showing a moderate or dense associated lymphocytic infiltrate, significantly more tumour cells stained with anti-S100 than in primary melanomas with a slight or absent infiltrate. In markedly pigmented metastases, significantly more tumour cells stained with NKI/C-3 than in less pigmented lesions; in primary melanomas this phenomenon just failed to be significant. In metastases with a high mitotic index a significantly lower proportion of tumour cells stained with NKI/C-3 than in lesions with a low mitotic index. No significant differences in staining were found between a group of primary melanomas with metastases and a group without metastases within a follow-up period of 5 years. Therefore, although staining with NKI/C-3 and anti-S100 appears to be associated with certain histopathological characteristics, it has no direct contribution to the assessment of prognosis in primary melanoma.

Heterogenous S-100B Protein Expression Patterns in Malignant Melanoma and Association with Serum Protein Levels

“…Larger melanoma tissues, especially metastases, may release more S-100B protein into the circulation [7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20]. On the other hand, malignant melanoma is highly heterogeneous for S-100B protein expression, in agreement with this and several previous studies [3, 4, 5]. Accordingly, a focal pattern and a low level of S-100B protein expression in the tumor tissue at advanced disease or even in disseminated forms can release only a small amount of this marker protein.…”

“…Serum S-100B has been used to monitor the progression of malignant melanoma [1, 7, 8, 9], but reliable data have only been reported in metastatic disease [12, 13, 14]. The differential diagnosis of melanocytic tumors is based on the expression of several proteins, such as S-100B [3, 4, 5]. HMB-45 or the recently introduced MART-1/Melan-A [4, 19].…”

“…In a comparison of immunohistochemical staining of melan-A with S-100B protein and HMB-45, S-100B remained the most sensitive marker of melanocytic differentiation [4, 19]. Meanwhile, it is well known that malignant melanoma is heterogeneous both from the point of view of melanization as well as with respect to the expression of various tumor antigens including S-100B [3, 4, 5, 6]. …”

“…Subsequently, S-100B was found in melanomas and in nevocytic nevi [2], and the detection of S-100B has become a widely used immunohistochemical method in the differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma [3, 4, 5]. However, heterogeneity of the protein expression was repeatedly observed [5, 6]. …”

Susceptibility of Human Testis to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection in Situ and in Vitro

“…DC-SIGN labeling colocalized with the antigen-presenting cell marker HLA-DR, 37 the myeloid cell marker CD68, 38 and the infiltrated macrophage marker MAC387 39 ( Figure 2). In contrast, labeling with the dendritic cell marker S100 40 did not co-localize with DC-SIGN, although S100 ϩ CD68 ϩ cells were observed in the interstitium (Figure 2). The persistence of the main HIV target cell pool in our culture system was further established using real-time quantitative RT-PCR, as the CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5 mRNAs copy numbers were maintained for up to 16 days of culture (Figure 3).…”