Correlation of hyperprolactinemia, Subclinical hypothyroidism with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and infertility

Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hyperandrogenic condition characterized by polycystic ovarian morphology and chronic oligo-anovulation. When it is combines with hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia, this condition can have severe consequences, may even lead to infertility.
 Case Presentation: This case study illustrates the complexity of PCOS and the significance of a multidisciplinary approach to its diagnosis and therapy. The patient is a 24-year-old non diabetic nonsmoker female with PCOS who has been attempting to conceive for seven years. The patient presented to the hospital with irregular menstrual cycles and a desire to become pregnant. The patient had previously been unsuccessfully treated with Clomid and letrozole. The patient's BMI was determined to be 23. 3 and a pelvic scan indicated PCO ovaries. Laboratory results revealed hyperprolactinemia (53 ng/ml) and subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH 12.6 uIU/ml, T4 0.54 ng/dL- TPO antibodies:187 IU/mL, Anti thyroglobulin antibodies 235 IU/mL), but a pituitary gland MRI was normal. Thyroid US features going with Hashimoto thyroiditis. The patient's PCOS symptoms were initially managed with metformin and Duphaston, and then Cabergoline was introduced to address hyperprolactinemia. The patient became pregnant shortly following hyperprolactinemia medication. Prenatal screenings revealed elevated fasting glucose levels and gestational diabetes. The patient's blood sugar was initially controlled by Metformin, but she later required multiple insulin doses to maintain control. The patient was scheduled for induction of labor at 38 weeks, but a lower segment emergency cesarean surgery was performed due to fetal distress.
 Conclusion: Regular monitoring and management of both PCOS and related conditions such as hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia are crucial to ensure the best outcome for the patient. Additionally, we suggest Metformin, Duphaston, Cabergoline to treat PCOS patient having subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia.
 Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome, subclinical hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, gestational diabetes.