Correlation of Macular Choroidal Thickness with Concentrations of Aqueous Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in High Myopia

Chen, Wei; Song, Hui; Xie, Shuanglun; Han, Qiang; Tang, Xin; Chu, Yanhua

doi:10.3109/02713683.2014.973043

Cited by 41 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These findings are in agreement with those reported by Shin et al ,13 14 who found significantly lower VEGF levels in the aqueous humour of highly myopic patients compared with non-myopic subjects, whereas PEDF concentrations did not differ significantly between groups. Chen et al 15 recently demonstrated that aqueous VEGF levels in highly myopic patients were significantly lower than controls. Moreover, as ascertained by Chan et al ,16 in patients with mCNV, intravitreal anti-VEGF injections increase PEDF levels about 6–7 times from baseline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most plausible explanation for the lower VEGF concentration found in the aqueous humour of patients with mCNV is due to the dilution effect in the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity of myopic patients since the axial length is longer and therefore the intraocular volume is larger in patients with high myopia 9. However, in patients with PM, a significant correlation between axial length and macular choroidal thickness and VEGF levels has also been demonstrated 15. Moreover, diminished VEGF production in high myopia could be due to generalised retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell degenerative changes, which lead to photoreceptor degeneration 18.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of intravitreal ranibizumab injections on aqueous humour concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularisation

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of intravitreal ranibizumab injections on aqueous humour concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularisation

et al. 2015

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“…The trend of which was similar to the decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which was found to have a negative correlation with the axial length. 35–37 VEGF produced by vascular endothelial cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, may play a key role in the development of retinal vasculature by stimulating the vessel growth. 35,38,39 The decreased aqueous VEGF level found in high myopia may also contribute to the possible loss of capillary network.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35–37 VEGF produced by vascular endothelial cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, may play a key role in the development of retinal vasculature by stimulating the vessel growth. 35,38,39 The decreased aqueous VEGF level found in high myopia may also contribute to the possible loss of capillary network. 29,31 It is possible that, with the progress of myopia, the thinned retina due to the elongated axial length can cause the degeneration of retinal vascular endothelial cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, resulting in consequential decreases in VEGF production and microvessel density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Microvascular Network and Microcirculation Assessments in High Myopia

Jiang

et al. 2017

American Journal of Ophthalmology

189

162

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Purpose To investigate the changes of the retinal microvascular network and microcirculation in high myopia. Design A cross-sectional, matched, comparative clinical study. Participants Twenty eyes of twenty subjects with non-pathological high myopia (28 ± 5 Years) with a refractive error of −6.31 ± 1.23 Diopters (mean ± standard deviation) and twenty eyes of twenty age- and gender-matched control subjects (30 ± 6 years) with a refractive error of −1.40 ± 1.00 Diopters were recruited. Methods Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to image the retinal microvascular network, which was later quantified by fractal analysis (box counting, Dbox, representing vessel density) in both superficial and deep vascular plexuses. The retinal function imager (RFI) was used to image the retinal microvessel blood flow velocity (BFV). The BFV and microvascular density in the myopia group were corrected for ocular magnification using Bennett’s formula. Results The density of both superficial and deep microvascular plexuses was significantly decreased in the myopia group in comparison to the controls (P < 0.05). The decrease of the microvessel density of the annular zone (0.6 – 2.5 mm), measured as Dbox, was 2.1% and 2.9% in superficial and deep vascular plexuses, respectively. The microvessel density reached a plateau from 0.5 mm to 1.25 mm from the fovea in both groups, but that in myopic group was about 3% lower than the control group. No significant differences were detected between the groups in retinal microvascular BFV in either arterioles or venules (P > 0.05). Microvascular densities in both superficial (r = −0.45, P = 0.047) and deep (r = −0.54, P = 0.01) vascular plexuses were negatively correlated with the axial lengths in the myopic eye. No correlations were observed between BFV and vessel density (P > 0.05). Conclusions Retinal microvascular decrease was observed in the high myopia subjects, whereas the retinal microvessel BFV remained unchanged. The retinal microvascular network alteration may be attributed to ocular elongation that occurs with the progression of myopia. The novel quantitative analyses of the retinal microvasculature may help to characterize the underlying pathophysiology of myopia and enable early detection and prevention of myopic retinopathy.

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“…20–24 Much of the difficulty in achieving reliable choroidal thickness measurements is due to the variable and often obscure appearance of the choroidal-scleral junction (CSJ) that determines the posterior boundary of the choroid. While some studies appear to use the border of the choroidal vascular lumen as the posterior boundary, 15,25–28 others defined the border of the choroid stroma or sclera as the CSJ. 29–32 In some individuals, there is also a hyporeflective band corresponding to the suprachoroidal layer, which may further contribute to variability in choroidal thickness measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability of Choroidal Thickness Measurements on Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography Using Different Posterior Boundaries

Vuong

Moisseiev

Cunefare

et al. 2016

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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PURPOSE To assess the reliability of manual choroidal thickness measurements by comparing different posterior boundary definitions of the choroidal-scleral junction on enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). DESIGN Reliability analysis METHODS Two graders marked the choroidal-scleral junction with segmentation software using different posterior boundaries: 1) the outer border of the choroidal vessel lumen, 2) the outer border of the choroid stroma, and 3) the inner border of the sclera, to measure the vascular choroidal thickness (VCT), stromal choroidal thickness (SCT), and total choroidal thickness (TCT), respectively. Measurements were taken at 0.5 mm intervals from 1.5 mm nasal to 1.5 mm temporal to the fovea, and averaged continuously across the central 3 mm of the macula. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of reliability (CR) were compared to assess intergrader and intragrader reliability. RESULTS Choroidal thickness measurements varied significantly with different posterior boundaries (P = <0.001 for all). Intergrader ICCs were greater for SCT (0.959 – 0.980) than TCT (0.928 – 0.963) and VCT (0.750 – 0.869), even in eyes where choroidal-scleral junction visibility was <75%. Intergrader CRs were lower for SCT (41.40 – 62.31) than TCT (61.13 – 74.24) or VCT (72.44 – 115.11). ICCs and CRs showed greater reliability for averaged VCT, SCT, or TCT measurements, than at individual locations. Intragrader ICCs and CRs were comparable to intergrader values. CONCLUSIONS Choroidal thickness measurements are more reproducible when measured to the border of the choroid stroma (SCT) than the vascular lumen (VCT) or sclera (TCT).

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Correlation of Macular Choroidal Thickness with Concentrations of Aqueous Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in High Myopia

Abstract: Macular choroidal thickness was significantly correlated with aqueous, but not serum, levels of VEGF in highly myopic eyes. Macular choroidal thickness may be of predictive value for identifying aqueous VEGF levels in high myopia patients and may, thus, be a useful prognostic modality.

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of intravitreal ranibizumab injections on aqueous humour concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularisation

Effect of intravitreal ranibizumab injections on aqueous humour concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularisation

Retinal Microvascular Network and Microcirculation Assessments in High Myopia

Repeatability of Choroidal Thickness Measurements on Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography Using Different Posterior Boundaries

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