Correlation of Magma Evolution and Geophysical Monitoring during the 2011-2012 El Hierro (Canary Islands) Submarine Eruption

Martı́, Joan; Castro, Antonio; Rodríguez, Cármen; Costa, Fidel; Carrasquilla, Sandra; Pedreira, Rocío; Bolós, Xavier

doi:10.1093/petrology/egt014

Cited by 83 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Later samples were basanitic with no contamination by silicic material (Martí et al, 2013b), thereby indicating that the formation of the white pumices was an anecdotic part of this eruption.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The eruption continued in a similar fashion until late February 2012, when all evidence of magma output ceased. Although the magma composition did not vary significantly, its crystal content varied from 3% during the first episodes to 44% in later ones (Martí et al, 2013b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…We thus identified the main tremor changes using the same type of tremor signal analysis as applied to volcanoes such as Stromboli (Carniel and Di Cecca, 1999), Ambrym (Carniel et al, 2003), Villarrica (Tárraga et al, 2008) and Popocatépetl (Tárraga et al, 2012), and compare these changes with the variations in earthquake distribution and erupting magma petrology identified by Martí et al (2013aMartí et al ( , 2013b. Subsequently, we establish a cause/effect relationship between tremor changes and changes in the stability of the plumbing system and/or the rheological behaviour of the magma during the El Hierro eruption.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By comparing petrological and geophysical data Martí et al (2013b) were able to distinguish two main eruptive episodes -each with different phases -and to identify two interconnected magma reservoirs at a depth of 20-25 and 10-15 km. The establishment of the central conduit a few days after the onset of the eruption coincided with the appearance on the sea surface of the first low-density pyroclasts and lava fragments (15 October 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcanic tremors: Good indicators of change in plumbing systems during volcanic eruptions

Tárraga

Martı́

Abella

et al. 2014

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Geophysical and geochemical signals recorded during episodes of unrest preceding volcanic eruptions provide information on movements of magma inside the lithosphere and on how magma prepares to reach the surface. When the eruption ensues continuous volcanic monitoring can reveal the nature of changes occurring in the volcano's plumbing system, which may be correlated with changes in both eruption behaviour and products. During the 2011-2012 submarine eruption of El Hierro (Canary Islands), the seismic signal, surface deformation, a broad stain on the sea surface of the eruption site, and the occasional appearance of floating lava balloons and pyroclastic fragments were the main observable signs. A strong continuous tremor in the vent accompanied the eruption and varied significantly in amplitude, frequency and dynamical parameters. We analysed these variations and correlated them with changes in the distribution of earthquakes and in the petrology of the erupting magma. This enabled us to relate variations in tremors to changes in the (i) stress conditions of the plumbing system, (ii) dimensions of the conduit and vent, (iii) intensity of the explosive episodes, and to (iv) rheological changes in the erupting magma. The results obtained show how the tremor signal was strongly influenced by stress changes in the host rock and in the rheological variations in the erupting magma. We conclude that the tracking of real-time syneruptive tremor signals via the observation of variations in plumbing systems and magma physics is a potentially effective tool for interpreting eruption dynamics, and suggest that similar variations observed in pre-eruptive tremors will have a similar origin.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcanic tremors: Good indicators of change in plumbing systems during volcanic eruptions

Tárraga

Martı́

Abella

et al. 2014

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…Geochemical analyses of xeno-pumice (e.g. Meletlidis et al 2012;Troll et al 2012;Martí et al 2013;Sigmarsson et al 2013;Carracedo et al 2015;Del Moro et al 2015;RodriguezLosada et al 2015) show that they have high silica contents (SiO 2 = 68-71 wt.%) and trace element compositions that differ significantly from known El Hierro magmatic rocks, including an unusual enrichment in uranium in many xeno-pumice samples (cf. Carracedo et al 2015;Rodriguez-Losada et al 2015).…”

Section: El Hierro Xeno-pumice and Its Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous vesiculation of 2011 El Hierro xeno-pumice revealed by X-ray computed microtomography

et al. 2016

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During the first week of the 2011 El Hierro submarine eruption, abundant light-coloured pumiceous, high-silica volcanic bombs coated in dark basanite were found floating on the sea. The composition of the light-coloured frothy material ('xeno-pumice') is akin to that of sedimentary rocks from the region, but the textures resemble felsic magmatic pumice, leaving their exact mode of formation unclear. To help decipher their origin, we investigated representative El Hierro xeno-pumice samples using X-ray computed microtomography for their internal vesicle shapes, volumes, and bulk porosity, as well as for the spatial arrangement and size distributions of vesicles in three dimensions (3D). We find a wide range of vesicle morphologies, which are especially variable around small fragments of rock contained in the xeno-pumice samples. Notably, these rock fragments are almost exclusively of sedimentary origin, and we therefore interpret them as relicts an the original sedimentary ocean crust protolith(s). The irregular vesiculation textures observed probably resulted from pulsatory release of volatiles from multiple sources during xeno-pumice formation, most likely by successive release of pore water and mineral water during incremental heating and decompression of the sedimentary protoliths.

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Magmatic water contents determined through clinopyroxene: Examples from the Western Canary Islands, Spain

Weis

Skogby

Troll

et al. 2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Water is a key parameter in magma genesis, magma evolution, and resulting eruption styles, because it controls the density, the viscosity, as well as the melting and crystallization behavior of a melt. The parental water content of a magma is usually measured through melt inclusions in minerals such as olivine, a method which may be hampered, however, by the lack of melt inclusions suitable for analysis, or postentrapment changes in their water content. An alternative way to reconstruct the water content of a magma is to use nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs), such as pyroxene, which take up low concentrations of hydrogen as a function of the magma's water content. During magma degassing and eruption, however, NAMs may dehydrate. We therefore tested a method to reconstruct the water contents of dehydrated clinopyroxene phenocrysts from the Western Canary islands (n 5 28) through rehydration experiments followed by infrared and M€ ossbauer spectroscopy. Employing currently available crystal/melt partitioning data, the results of the experiments were used to calculate parental water contents of 0.71 6 0.07 to 1.49 6 0.15 wt % H 2 O for Western Canary magmas during clinopyroxene crystallization at upper mantle conditions. This H 2 O range is in agreement with calculated water contents using plagioclase-liquid-hygrometry, and with previously published data for mafic lavas from the Canary Islands and comparable ocean island systems elsewhere. Utilizing NAMs in combination with hydrogen treatment can therefore serve as a proxy for pre-eruptive H 2 O contents, which we anticipate becoming a useful method applicable to mafic rocks where pyroxene is the main phenocryst phase.

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Correlation of Magma Evolution and Geophysical Monitoring during the 2011-2012 El Hierro (Canary Islands) Submarine Eruption

Cited by 83 publications

References 56 publications

Volcanic tremors: Good indicators of change in plumbing systems during volcanic eruptions

Volcanic tremors: Good indicators of change in plumbing systems during volcanic eruptions

Heterogeneous vesiculation of 2011 El Hierro xeno-pumice revealed by X-ray computed microtomography

Magmatic water contents determined through clinopyroxene: Examples from the Western Canary Islands, Spain

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