Correlation of metabolic syndrome with urinary stone composition

Abstract

Abbreviations & AcronymsObjective: To determine the correlation between metabolic syndrome and the distribution of stone components in patients with urolithiasis. Methods: Between January 2007 and December 2010, renal or ureteral stones were collected from 712 patients (432 males, 280 females) who underwent surgical intervention at three hospitals in South Korea. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the latest definition of the International Diabetes Federation, using ethnicity-and sexspecific cut-off values for central obesity. Patients were assessed by factors used in metabolic syndrome. All urinary stones were analyzed using infrared spectrophotometry and categorized according to their main component. Results:The patients' mean age was 55.9 years (range 19-93 years). Of the 712 patients, 347 (48.7%; 205 males, 142 females) had a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Calcium oxalate (71.5%), uric acid (15.3%), carbonate apatite (8.0%) and struvite (4.1%) calculi were found as the main stone components. Overall, the proportion of uric acid calculi was markedly higher in patients with rather than without metabolic syndrome (19.6 vs 11.2%; P = 0.002). However, the proportion of calcium oxalate, carbonate apatite and struvite calculi did not differ between the two groups. The multivariableadjusted odds ratio for uric acid calculi according to the metabolic syndrome components indicated that the presence of metabolic syndrome was associated with a 93% increased odds ratio of uric acid calculi compared with the absence of metabolic syndrome. Impaired fasting glucose and hypertriglyceridemia were independent risk factors for uric acid calculi. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome is associated with a significantly increased risk of uric acid calculi development, especially those with impaired fasting glucose and hypertriglyceridemia.

Body Fat Content and Distribution and Urinary Risk Factors for Nephrolithiasis

“…Moreover, greater truncal fat was associated with impaired NH 4 + excretion (Figure 3). Although MS is associated with a significantly increased risk of uric acid nephrolithiasis (36), calcium oxalate stones remain the most commonly encountered kidney stones. Adiposity markers were not associated with urine calcium or urine citrate in our cohort.…”

Nomogram to predict uric acid kidney stones based on patient’s age, BMI and 24-hour urine profiles: a multi-center validation

“…[3][4][5] These patients also had significantly higher total points when compared to calcium stone formers due to differences in demographic data and urinary parameters, in particular the lower urinary calcium. Prior studies have already demonnomogram to predict uric acid kidney stones strated some particularities in the 24-hour urine collections of uric acid stone formers and in patients with traits of the metabolic syndrome.…”

“…2 Currently, several conditions have been linked to uric acid kidney stones, such as obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and low urinary pH. [3][4][5] Furthermore, 24-hour urine analyses have demonstrated that uric acid stone formers have a higher excretion of urinary sodium and a lower excretion of urinary calcium and oxalate when compared to calcium stone formers. 6 Imaging exams are also helpful when trying to distinguish between uric acid and calcium stones.…”

Association between Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome, Serum Uric Acid, and Urine pH in University Students

“…대사증후군 위험요인과 소 변 내 산도와의 관련성을 본 연구는 성인 남성을 대상으로 이루어 진 3개의 연구가 있으며 (Chang et al, 2011;Cho, Jung, Myung, & Kim, 2013;Jung, Yang, & Song, 2009), 혈청 내 요산과 대사증후군 위험요 인과의 관련성을 본 연구로는 3개의 연구를 찾을 수 있었다 (Hong et al, 2008;Lee, Park, Kim, & Kim, 2009;Yoo et al, 2004). Cho et al, 2013;Hara et al, 2012;Jung et al, 2009;Maalof et al, 2007;Otsuki et al, 2011). …”