Correlation of Pain Scores, Analgesic Use, and Beck Anxiety Inventory Scores During Hospitalization in Lower Extremity Amputees

Abstract

Post amputation pain can be debilitating for patients and families. Chronic pain is a common phenomenon after lower extremity amputation, occurring in up to 80% of this population. The purpose of this pilot study was to correlate post amputation pain scores to opioid analgesic consumption and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores. Twenty-three patients with lower extremity amputation at an 827-bed acute care inner-city hospital were surveyed pre-operatively and post-operatively to determine if there was a significant correlation between anxiety and pain. A numeric scale was utilized by patients to rate their pain level, while the BAI was utilized to measure their anxiety levels.A significant correlation was found between the pre-operative BAI levels and the BAI levels identified at time of discharge. Patients were found to have a higher than normal level of anxiety pre-operatively. No significant correlations were found between anxiety and pain.

Effects of Combined and Alone Transcranial Motor Cortex Stimulation and Mirror Therapy in Phantom Limb Pain: A Randomized Factorial Trial

“…This is aligned with previous studies that assessed the psychological factors associated with limb amputees, they found no difference of anxiety and depression between phantom pain and no phantom pain groups, 47 or did not show any correlation between anxiety/depression and pain levels. 48 This lack of correlation was also present in other clinical trials showing significant analgesic effect but no significant group difference in depression and anxiety. 49,50 Therefore, this absence of mediatory effects of depression and anxiety suggests a lesser involvement of mood-related limbic pathways in PLP compared to somatosensory and motor pathways.…”

Efeitos de orientações fisioterapêuticas sobre a ansiedade de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica

“…Conceição et al [6] reported that the measurement of blood pressure and heart rate are not good parameters to measure the patient's anxiety level, requiring the assessment of the disorder by means of validated scales such as the Beck anxiety Inventory. According Trame et al [29], the Inventory is widely used because of its cost-effectiveness, ease of application and interpretation.…”

“…The inventory consists of 21 items, on which each of them reflects on the gradual levels of each symptom, whereas the anxiety is classified as minimal with values between (0-10), mild (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), moderate (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) and severe anxiety (31-63) [24]. The application of the scale was performed by the psychologist, and she has no knowledge of which group (intervention or control) the patient belonged.…”