Correlation of phthalate exposures with semen quality

Pant, Niraj; Shukla, M. K.; Patel, Devendra Kumar; Shukla, Yogeshwar; Mathur, Neeraj; Gupta, Yogendra Kumar; Saxena, D. K.

doi:10.1016/j.taap.2008.04.001

Cited by 214 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Several recent epidemiological studies have addressed the male reproductive toxicity of phthalates [14,15,[48][49][50][51][52] (Table 3). Duty et al [48], in Boston compared levels of eight phthalate metabolites in urine among men with normal and abnormal semen quality recruited from 168 subfertile couples.…”

Section: Anogenital Distancementioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to phthalates: Reproductive outcome and children health. A review of epidemiological studies

Jurewicz

Hanke

2011

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

259

139

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Phthalates are a family of industrial chemicals that have been used for a variety of purposes. As the potential consequences of human exposure to phthalates have raised concerns in the general population, they have been studied in susceptible subjects such as pregnant women, infants and children. This article aims at evaluating the impact of exposure to phthalates on reproductive outcomes and children health by reviewing most recent published literature. Epidemiological studies focusing on exposure to phthalates and pregnancy outcome, genital development, semen quality, precocious puberty, thyroid function, respiratory symptoms and neurodevelopment in children for the last ten years were identified by a search of the PubMed, Medline, Ebsco, Agricola and Toxnet literature bases. The results from the presented studies suggest that there are strong and rather consistent indications that phthalates increase the risk of allergy and asthma and have an adverse impact on children's neurodevelopment reflected by quality of alertness among girls, decreased (less masculine) composite score in boys and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Results of few studies demonstrate negative associations between phthalate levels commonly experienced by the public and impaired sperm quality (concentration, morphology, motility). Phthalates negatively impact also on gestational age and head circumference; however, the results of the studies were not consistent. In all the reviewed studies, exposure to phthalates adversely affected the level of reproductive hormones (luteinizing hormone, free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin), anogenital distance and thyroid function. The urinary le vels of phthalates were significantly higher in the pubertal gynecomastia group, in serum in girls with premature thelarche and in girls with precocious puberty. Epidemiological studies, in spite of their limitations, suggest that phthalates may affect reproductive outcome and children health. Considering the suggested health effects, more epidemiologic data is urgently needed and, in the meantime, precautionary policies must be implemented.

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Section: Anogenital Distancementioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to phthalates: Reproductive outcome and children health. A review of epidemiological studies

Jurewicz

Hanke

2011

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

259

139

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“…Sprayers and non-sprayers had an equal decline in sperm concentration from the first to the second semen sample [44] (Table 4). In China and Mexico, studies of the prevalence of sperm aneuploidy [38,39] in agricultural workers exposed to organophosphorous pesticides like ethyl parathion, level (DEHP) and sperm concentration, motility, % of abnormal sperm was found in a population of men that visited an infertility clinic [58]. Another study performed by Duty and co-workers [54] to explore the association between environmental levels of phthalates and altered reproductive hormone levels in adult men showed that an interquartile range (IQR) change in monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) exposure was significantly associated with a 10% decrease in folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) concentration.…”

Section: R E V I E W P a P E R S Ijomeh 2009;22(4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies in animals showed reduction of protein levels in foetal Leyding cells and deregulation of cholesterol transport and steroid synthesis [52]. Several recent epidemiological studies have addressed the male reproductive toxicity of phthalates [53][54][55][56][57][58][59] (Table 5). Duty et al (2003) [53] compared levels of eight phthalate metabolites in urine among men with normal and abnormal semen quality recruited from 168 subfertile couples.…”

Section: Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental factors and semen quality

Jurewicz¹,

Hanke²,

Radwan³

et al. 2009

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

163

109

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Objectives: An increasing number of reports suggest that chemical and physical agents in the environment, introduced and spread by human activity, may affect male fertility in humans. This article aims at evaluating the impact of environmental exposures (pesticides, phthalates, PCBs, air pollution, trihalomethanes (THMs), mobile phones) on semen quality, by reviewing most recent published literature. Materials and Methods: Epidemiological studies focusing on exposure to environmental factors and semen quality for the last ten years were identified by a search of the Pubmed, Medline, Ebsco, Agricola and Toxnet literature bases. Results: The results from the presented studies suggest that there are strong and rather consistent indications that some pesticides besides DBCP (e.g. DDT/Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [DDE], ethylenedibromide, organophosphates) affects sperm count. PCBs are detrimental to sperm motility. In case of air pollution, studies suggest a link between ambient air pollutants and various semen characteristics. Additional research is needed to corroborate this association and to establish the causal agents. Results of few studies on subfertile men demonstrate associations between phthalate levels commonly experienced by the public and impaired sperm quality (impact on sperm concentration, morphology, motility), but the findings have not been corroborated in studies of men from the general population. Mobile phones might adversely affect the quality of semen by decreasing mostly motility but also the sperm counts, viability and morphology. In spite of their consistent results, most of the studies are rather small. Association between exposure to THMs and poor semen quality was not observed. Conclusions: Epidemiological studies suggest awareness of environmental factors which may affect semen quality. In case both of well proven and disputable reproductive and developmental hazards, it is necessary to prevent parental exposure to the agents associated with those hazards.

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“…semen quality, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and testicular cancer) and a link to exposure to endocrine active chemicals in the environment have been controversial for almost two decades (Carlsen et al 1992, Fisch 2008, Sharpe & Skakkebaek 2008, Akre & Richiardi 2009). Numerous epidemiology studies have focused on exposure to phthalates and their ability to compromise semen quality in men (Pant et al 2008, Swan 2008). There has also been an effort to relate phthalate exposure to developmental landmarks such as anogenital distance, penile size, and testis descent (Meeker et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel molecular targets associated with testicular dysgenesis induced by gestational exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate in the rat: a role for estradiol

Klinefelter¹,

Laskey²,

Winnik³

et al. 2012

Reproduction

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Significant research has been focused on phthalate-induced alterations in male reproductive development. Studies on rodents have prompted the notion that a syndrome exists in the human male which includes phenotypic alterations such as hypospadias, cryptorchidism, poor semen quality, and even testicular cancer. Each phenotype in this 'testicular dysgenesis syndrome' is predicated on reduction in testosterone production by the fetal Leydig cell. We sought to examine the relationship between dysgenesis and steroidogenic capacity in the fetal rat testis more stringently by incorporating lower exposures than those typically used, conducting a comprehensive, non-targeted quantitative evaluation of the fetal testis proteome, and relating alterations in individual proteins to the capacity of the fetal Leydig cell to produce testosterone, and histopathology of the fetal testis. Pregnant dams were dosed orally from gestation day (GD) 13-19 with 0, 10, or 100 mg diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)/kg body weight per day. Each endpoint was represented by 16 l. Clustering of Leydig cells occurred before any significant decrease in the capacity of the GD19 Leydig cell to produce testosterone. At 100 mg DEHP/kg, testosterone production was reduced significantly, Leydig cell clusters became quite large, and additional dysgenetic changes were observed in the fetal testis. Of 23 proteins whose expression was altered significantly at both DEHP exposure levels, seven were found to be correlated with and predictive of the quantified endpoints. None of these proteins have been previously implicated with DEHP exposure. Notably, pathway analysis revealed that these seven proteins fit a pathway network in which each is regulated directly or indirectly by estradiol.

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Correlation of phthalate exposures with semen quality

Cited by 214 publications

References 35 publications

Exposure to phthalates: Reproductive outcome and children health. A review of epidemiological studies

Exposure to phthalates: Reproductive outcome and children health. A review of epidemiological studies

Environmental factors and semen quality

Novel molecular targets associated with testicular dysgenesis induced by gestational exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate in the rat: a role for estradiol

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