Correlation of the Near Eastern Silurian Rocks

Berry, William B. N.; Boucot, A. J.; Jones, Clive R.; Dürkoop, Arnfrid; Haas, Winfried

doi:10.1130/spe137-p39

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Silurian lithofacies patterns for South America (Berry and Boucot, 1972a), the Middle East (Berry and Boucot, 1972b), Africa (Berry and Boucot, 1973) and China (Mu et al, 1986) indicate that plates bearing these areas were actively moving during most of the post-Early Silurian (see Figure 1). In South China, graptolite habitats were shoaling as can be seen in the rock record (Mu et al, 1986).…”

Section: Tectonismmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…As their delicate peridermal structures are so well-preserved, Erdtmann (1982) suggested that both graptolite living conditions and their sites of fossilization were removed from vigorous wave action and from highly oxygenated bottom waters which would have supported active predators and scavengers. For Llandovery (Early Silurian) graptolites, correlations with brachiopod distributions show that graptolite taxonomic diversity increases with depth (Berry and Boucot, 1972c). Thus in the low-mid Silurian, graptolites lived from near surface oxic conditions to depth under very low D.O.…”

Section: Graptolite Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Thus in the low-mid Silurian, graptolites lived from near surface oxic conditions to depth under very low D.O. to suboxic conditions (Berry et al, 1987) with the greatest diversity at depth (Berry and Boucot 1972c).…”

Section: Graptolite Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Survivors appear in rock sequences formed in (Jaeger, 1959(Jaeger, , 1989; Taimyr (T) (Obut et al, 1965); Nevada (Nev) (Berry and Murphy, 1975); Britian (B) (Bassett et al, 1979); Cape Phillips Formation in the Canadian Arctic (CPF) (Lenz andMelchin, 1989, 1990); northern Greenland (G) (Bjerreskov, 1989); China (C) (Mu etal., 1986). relatively near surface waters (Berry and Boucot, 1972c). Because in the early Silurian, graptolites occur in rock sequences formed in both relatively shallow shelf sea environments and in deeper marine settings, these graptoloids probably floated relatively near the ocean surface.…”

Section: Latest Wenlock Graptolite Occurrencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Late Wenlock (Middle Silurian) global Bioevent: Possible chemical cause for mass graptolite mortalities

Quinby-Hunt

Berry

1991

Historical Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Graptolites nearly became extinct in the latest Wenlock in all preserved stratigraphic sequences of this age. Graptolite mortalities occurred along the western coast of Laurentia and at sites that surrounded the ProtoTethys. Graptolite mass mortalities took place among deep-water, open ocean dwelling organisms. After the mass mortalities, only the Pristiograptus dubius group and retiolids, surface or near-surface dwellers, survived. For a period of time, little speciation or diversification occurred. The base of the Ludlow is marked by diversification, with appearances of S. colonus, M. nilssoni, and other groups which occur in near surface waters. None of the extensive plate movements postulated for the Silurian readily explain the mass extinctions that occurred. During the Silurian, global temperatures were warmer than present and atmospheric oxygen concentrations were lower, creating extensive oceanic anoxia. Below the oxygenated surface layers of the ocean, was an anoxic, non-sulfidic zone (i.e. nitrate-reducing) above a sulfidic zone. Graptolites lived over a range of depth from the oxygenated zone to either near or in the nitrate-reducing zones. As the oxygen concentration declined through the Silurian, the depth of the oxic zone would have become shoaler with expanding anoxia. Late Wenlock graptolites that were unable to migrate to shallower depths, living in borderline oxygen conditions, could have been killed, resulting in the mortalities of the late Wenlock. Only those graptolites that were surface dwellers survived, adapted and reradiated.

show abstract

Section: Tectonismmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Graptolite Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Graptolite Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Latest Wenlock Graptolite Occurrencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Late Wenlock (Middle Silurian) global Bioevent: Possible chemical cause for mass graptolite mortalities

Quinby-Hunt

Berry

1991

Historical Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…American Province. -Proposed by Boucot (1985Boucot ( , 1990 this eastern North American province contains a number of distinctive brachiopod genera, as already recognized by , Berry & Boucot (1970), and Berdan et al (1986)…”

Section: North Atlantic Regionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Biogeographical analysis of Late Silurian brachiopod faunas, chiefly from Asia and Australia

Jiayu

Boucot

Yang-zheng

et al. 1995

LET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Shallow water benthic marine invertebrates (such as brachiopods from Benthic Assemblages [BA] 1–3) have usually played a much more important role than deeper ones (BA 4–5 or even deeper) in evaluating biogeographical provincialism in geological history. The Silurian brachiopod Retziella Fauna, characterized by the common presence of Retziella in association with various provincial taxa and many common North Silurian Realm genera, is known from southwest Tienshan, North China, South China, North Vietnam, and East Australia. It is possibly also present in North Korea, the central Pamirs, Afghanistan, and New Zealand. The coeval Tuvaella Fauna occurs only in the southern marginal belt of the Siberian Plate. Synecologically, both faunas inhabited a normal, shallow‐water, level‐bottom environment, usually with a low‐diversity community (commonly 3–8 genera); assignment to BA 2–3 is indicated. Their mutual exclusiveness is of biogeographical significance: subdivisions of the Uralian‐Cordilleran Region can be based on them, with the Tuvaella Fauna being included in a redefined Mongolo‐Okhotsk Province. A Sino‐Australian Province is established and defined herein for the area occupied by the Retziella Fauna during the Ludlow‐Pridoli and probably the Wenlock. Two subdivisions of the province can be recognized, a Sino‐Central‐Asian Subprovince and an Australian Subprovince, based on different endemic brachiopods and separate geographical positions. The presence of a number of more cosmopolitan genera in both the tropical‐subtropical Sino‐Australian and subtropical‐temperate Mongolo‐Okhotsk Provinces during the Late Silurian testifies to oceanic surface current circulation patterns adequate for the distribution of planktic larvae capable of long‐distance dispersal while maintaining reproductive communication. This contrasts with the dispersal potential of endemic components of the newly defined Silurian biogeographical units. □ Late Silurian, Brachiopoda, Retziella, Fauna, Tuvaella Fauna, Synecology, Biogeography, Asia, Australia

show abstract

Silurian and pre-Upper Devonian bio-events

Boucot

Extinction Events in Earth History

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Correlation of the Near Eastern Silurian Rocks

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Late Wenlock (Middle Silurian) global Bioevent: Possible chemical cause for mass graptolite mortalities

Late Wenlock (Middle Silurian) global Bioevent: Possible chemical cause for mass graptolite mortalities

Biogeographical analysis of Late Silurian brachiopod faunas, chiefly from Asia and Australia

Silurian and pre-Upper Devonian bio-events

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About