Correlation of Urinary Dialkyl Phosphate Metabolite Levels With Dermal Exposure to Azinphos-Methyl

Franklin, Claire A.; Greenhalgh, R.; Maibach, Howard I.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-029225-0.50041-2

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…An indirect estimate of 28% dermal absorption was calculated by dividing the urinary equivalents by the sum of dermal exposure and urinary equivalents. This estimate is similar to previous estimates for dermal absorption ranging from 17% to 35% azinphosmethyl (8) and is within the range of 16-42%, depending on regional variation in absorption, found in laboratory studies (4,19).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Azinphosmethyl has been a suitable candidate for assessment using biological monitoring because of background information on dermal exposure and dermal absorption in humans and animals under laboratory conditions (3-5). Franklin and co-workers reported a strong linear correlation between urinary alkylphosphate levels and both dermal doses of azinphosmethyl in rats and amount of pesticide sprayed for orchard applicators (4,5). The assessment of azinphosmethyl exposure via biological monitoring has been successful in previous studies (6)(7)(8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring Peach Harvest Workers Exposed to Azinphosmethyl Residues in Sutter County, California, 1991

Schneider

Steenland

Hernandez

et al. 1994

Environ Health Perspect

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Peach harvest workers were evaluated for exposure to azinphosmethyl residues by measuring foliar residues, urinary alkylphosphate metabolites, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and dermal residues using clothing and skin washes. Workers entered orchards 51 days after application and worked in treated fields for 10 of the next 17 days. Dislodgeable foliar residues ranged from 0.82 to 1.72 microg/cm2 and did not change significantly over the study period. Combined mean dermal exposure for the 3 consecutive monitoring days was 32 mg and ranged from 17.9 to 60.5 mg. Overall mean excretion levels for the 5 monitoring days were 1.7 mg dimethylphosphate and 1.9 mg dimethlythiophosphate. There was no significant difference in BChE between the exposed harvesters and minimally exposed sorters. The exposed group had significantly lower AChE values than the sorters for 2 post-exposure blood draws by three testing methods, while no significant difference was found for the pre-exposure blood draw. The AChE values for the post-exposure blood samples for the exposed workers decreased significantly about 10-20% over the 3-week exposure period but increased or remained constant for the sorters. Urinary metabolite excretion increased with continuous exposure and was inversely correlated with both AChE and BChE but was not correlated with dermal exposure measurements. High correlations were generally observed between AChE measurements taken in the field using a new spectrophotometric kit and laboratory AChE measurements.ImagesFigure 1.Figure 2.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Peach Harvest Workers Exposed to Azinphosmethyl Residues in Sutter County, California, 1991

Schneider

Steenland

Hernandez

et al. 1994

Environ Health Perspect

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“…If the total urinary output is collected, until either there are no detectable residues or background levels are reached (usually 48-96 h), the levels can be used to estimate the internal dose. Studies carried out in animals and humans for several pesticides have shown a good correlation between the amount of pesticide applied to the skin and the urinary output (Franklin et al, 1983(Franklin et al, , 1986Popendorf and Franklin, 1987). However, there are limitations to using this approach.…”

Section: Urinary Metabolite Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Exposure for Pesticide Handlers in Agricultural, Residential and Institutional Environments

Fenske

Day²

2005

Occupational and Residential Exposure Assessment for Pesticides

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“…Numerous studies done in rats Shafik and Bradway 1976; Shafik et al 1973; Wojeck et al 198%) have shown a relationship between exposure to organophosphorus pesticides and alkyl phosphate excretion. To determine whether urinary alkyl phosphate levels could be used as a reliable quantitative indicator of dermal exposure, initial studies were conducted in rats (Franklin et al 1983). Azinphos-methyl was applied at levels of 100, 200, and 400 k g to the shaved dorsal skin in the scapular region of male Sprague-Dawley rats.…”

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confidence: 99%

Estimation of dermal exposure to pesticides and its use in risk assessment

Franklin¹

1984

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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The potential risks to humans resulting from the usage of a pesticide must be carefully assessed before the product is registered. One of the components in the risk assessment is the determination of the amount of pesticide to which the applicator is exposed. Traditional methods estimated dermal exposure by measuring the amount of pesticide deposited on absorbent patches worn on the applicator's body. A more recent approach consists of measuring urinary metabolite levels. A review of data obtained in humans and in rats suggests that the urinary concentration of dimethyl thiophosphate is a good indicator of dermal exposure to azinphos-methyl.

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Correlation of Urinary Dialkyl Phosphate Metabolite Levels With Dermal Exposure to Azinphos-Methyl

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Monitoring Peach Harvest Workers Exposed to Azinphosmethyl Residues in Sutter County, California, 1991

Monitoring Peach Harvest Workers Exposed to Azinphosmethyl Residues in Sutter County, California, 1991

Assessment of Exposure for Pesticide Handlers in Agricultural, Residential and Institutional Environments

Estimation of dermal exposure to pesticides and its use in risk assessment

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