Correlation tests between relative light unit and colony forming unit for improving adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence analysis in bacterial consolidation treatments on palaeontological heritage

Abstract

In this article bacterial carbonate mineralization treatments are proposed as a novel strategy for decayed fossils and palaeontological heritage conservation; specifically, by means of inoculation of Myxococcus xanthus, a bacterium of proven effectiveness in ornamental stone bioconsolidation. Bioconsolidation treatments can be very effective, stable, nontoxic, environmentally friendly, and chemically compatible with fossil heritage. The method reproduces what nature has been doing for millennia with fossils that have been permineralized by bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation. There is, however, some concern that bacterial inoculation could lead to the growth of undesirable microbiota, which could subsequently damage the fossil substrate. Because of this, the use of bacteria on heritage items must be meticulously monitored and analysis strategies should be carried out to detect bacteria viability during and after treatments. For this purpose, adenosine triphosphate assay is proposed in this article as a fast, affordable, portable, and easy‐to‐use system for conservators. as ATP assay results are relative and difficult to relate to colony forming unit, this study aims to improve their applicability by examining the correlation between ATP analysis and total viable bacteria count in the specific case of M. xanthus. This research provides reference and correlatable data to obtain an approximate estimation of M. xanthus viable bacterial colonies based on relative light unit data.

Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation in fossil consolidation treatments: Preliminary results inducing exogenous Myxococcus xanthus bacteria in a miocene Cheirogaster richardi specimen

“…ATP quantification, serving as a bioindicator of microbial activity, was conducted using a Hygiena SystemSURE Plus® luminometer [ [74] , [75] , [76] ].…”

“…During this experiment, AquaSnap® and UltraSnap® ATP devices were utilized. To differentiate free ATP from non-viable fragmented cells, it is necessary to employ two distinct devices [ 75 , 76 , 78 ]; in this particular case AquaSnap Total® and AquaSnap Free®. It is crucial to discriminate extracellular or free ATP in this context, so both devices had to be used in each sample.…”