Correlation Tests of Ultrasonic Wave and Mechanical Parameters of Spot-Welded Joints

Abstract

Resistance spot welding as the basic method of joining car body elements has been used in the automotive industry for many years. For these connections, it is required to obtain the appropriate diameter of the weld nugget, which results in a high strength and durability of the connection during vehicle operation. The article presents the methodology of testing spot-welded joints using both destructive methods: shearing test of the spot weld and the ultrasonic method. The main goals of the performed tests are (1) to determine the correlation between the mechanical strength of a joint, measured in kN, and the selected parameters of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave with a frequency of 20 MHz propagating in the area of the spot weld and (2) to build and verify the predictive models of the weld nugget quality. The correlation of these parameters allows assessing the strength of the connection with the use of a non-destructive test method. On the basis of the performed analyses, it was determined that there is a strongly positive correlation between the number of reverse echoes and the force necessary to destroy the spot weld (0.41) and the diameter of the weld nugget (0.50). A strong negative correlation was also obtained between the number of echoes and the strength (−0.69) and diameter of the weld nugget (−0.72).

Prediction of phase composition and mechanical properties Fe–Cr–C–B–Ti–Cu hardfacing alloys: Modeling and experimental Validations

“…For these reasons, increasing the wear resistance parts and machine parts used in the mining industry is a recent problem; thus, effective and inexpensive solutions are needed [ 12 ]. Wear resistance can be increased due to the use of surfacing technology [ [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] ]. In addition, due to replacing of worn-out components and the associated down times are costly.…”

Evaluation of Adhesive Joints Using Ultrasonic Rayleigh Waves

“…Such extensive use of bonding in the construction of buses is due to their considerable size and the vibrations generated during operation, which are well damped by adhesives. Adhesive joints in vehicle construction are often combined with welded [15], spot welded [16] or shaped joints, such as clinching [9]. Combining are often combined with welded [15], spot welded [16] or shaped joints, such as clinching [9].…”

“…Adhesive joints in vehicle construction are often combined with welded [15], spot welded [16] or shaped joints, such as clinching [9]. Combining are often combined with welded [15], spot welded [16] or shaped joints, such as clinching [9]. Combining different joining methods speeds up production and increases the mechanical strength of the joint.…”

Evaluation of quantitative ultrasonic C-scan testing for refill friction stir spot welding joints based on time-frequency analysis

“…As the RFSSW process is complex and influenced by numerous parameters that affect joint quality, evaluating the quality of RFSSW joints using nondestructive testing has become an interesting topic in the academic community [8][9][10][11][12]. In recent years, ultrasonic nondestructive testing methods have gained significant attention for evaluating joint quality due to their portability, reliability, safety, and other advantages [13][14][15][16][17]. Although most joints are precisely inspected using ultrasonic techniques with high testing requirements in the laboratory after flattening, industrial applications still rely mainly on manual inspection and analysis, lacking convenient ultrasonic testing technology and devices that can provide automated imaging of testing results and quantitative analysis [17][18][19][20].…”