Correlational Studies of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms: An Overview and Update

Andreasen, Nancy C.; Arndt, Stephan; Miller, Del D.; Flaum, Michael; Nopoulos, Peg

doi:10.1159/000284894

Cited by 152 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Somewhat in accordance with the present findings of lower frequencies in the more disordered patients, Spencer et al [14] showed that patients with high levels of hallucinations had lower frequencies of the visual evoked gamma activity. Previously, in our report with the full sample of SZS patients [4], we did not see any correlation between evoked responses and positive or negative symptoms rated with the Scales for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the Scales for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) [15], but others have shown that a reduction of auditory gamma activity correlates with negative symptoms [16] and working memory deficits [17]. A reduction of left-hemisphere auditory evoked gamma amplitude has been specifically associated with an increased PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) general score [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Self-Disorder and Brain Processing of Proprioception in Schizophrenia Spectrum Patients: A Re-Analysis

Arnfred¹,

Raballo

Mørup

et al. 2014

Psychopathology

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Background: Anomalies of self-awareness (self-disorders, SDs) are theorized to be basic to schizophrenia psychopathology. We have previously observed dysfunction of brain processing of proprioception in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZS). We hypothesized that SDs could be associated with abnormalities of early contralateral proprioceptive evoked oscillatory brain activity. Methods: We investigated the association between proprioceptive evoked potential components and SDs in a re-analysis of data from a subsample (n = 12) of SZS patients who had previously been observed with deviant proprioceptive evoked potentials and interviewed with the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE) scale. Results: Higher EASE scores (i.e. increased SD) were associated with lower peak parietal gamma frequencies and higher peak beta amplitudes over frontal and parietal electrodes in the left hemisphere following right-hand proprioceptive stimulation. Conclusion: Disorders of self-awareness may be associated with dysfunction of early phases of somatosensory processing. The findings are potentially relevant to our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, but further studies are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Self-Disorder and Brain Processing of Proprioception in Schizophrenia Spectrum Patients: A Re-Analysis

Arnfred¹,

Raballo

Mørup

et al. 2014

Psychopathology

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“…30 Psychotic symptoms were quantified using the scale for the assessment of positive symptoms and negative symptoms. 31 Similarly, healthy relatives and controls were examined by a psychiatrist. The Structured Clinical Interview SCID II 32 and a personality inventory (Freiburger Persö nlichkeitsinventar) 33 were additionally applied to detect personality traits or disorders which might influence autonomic function.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic Dysfunction in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Patients Suffering From Schizophrenia

Bär

Berger

Metzner

et al. 2010

Schizophrenia Research

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Recent studies revealed cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with acute schizophrenia, which appears to be mainly related to reduced vagal and increased sympathetic modulation. To understand the significance of cardiac autonomic function in patients with schizophrenia, we extended these studies to relatives of patients. In this study, we assessed cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (n 5 36) to investigate a putative genetic influence. Data were compared with control subjects matched for age, gender, and physical activity as well as to patients suffering from schizophrenia. First-degree relatives showed an attenuated, yet identical pattern in autonomic dysfunction as patients with decreased vagal modulation of heart rate, decreased baroreflex sensitivity, but no difference in blood pressure variability could be detected. The patients' relatives also showed a similar pattern in regards to QT variability. In addition, the subgroup comparison of offspring vs. siblingsshowedasignificantdifferenceinheartratevariability suggesting a higher degree of heritability in offspring. In conclusion, the pattern of autonomic dysfunction seen in patients and relatives might indicate underlying disease-inherent genetic vulnerability, especially because autonomic parameters are heritable. In addition, these findings may be of value to identify the high-risk group of patients' relatives in regards to serious cardiovascular events so that early preventive measures can be taken.

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“…Severity of psychopathology: The Scales for Assessment of Positive Symptoms and Negative Symptoms (SAPS and SANS, respectively) (Andreasen, Arndt, Miller, Flaum, & Nopoulos, 1995;Andreasen and Olsen, 1982) assess a total of 49 individual signs and symptoms. Individual items are grouped together to include five positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, positive formal thought disorder, bizarre behavior, and catatonic motor behavior) and five negative symptoms (alogia, affective blunting, avolition, anhedonia, attentional impairment) for which global ratings are designated.…”

Section: Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive mental health in schizophrenia and healthy comparison groups: relationships with overall health and biomarkers

Edmonds

Martin

Palmer

et al. 2016

Aging & Mental Health

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Positive mental health in schizophrenia and healthy comparison groups: relationships with overall health and biomarkers. Objective: Positive psychological factors (PPFs) have been reported to have a significant impact on health in the general population. However, little is known about the relationship of these factors with mental and physical health in schizophrenia. Method: One hundred and thirty-five outpatients with schizophrenia and 127 healthy comparison subjects (HCs), aged 26-65 years, were evaluated with scales of resilience, optimism, happiness, and perceived stress. Measures of mental and physical health were also obtained. Regression analyses examined associations of a PPF composite with health variables. Results: Relative to the HCs, the schizophrenia group had lower levels of PPFs. However, there was considerable heterogeneity, with over one-third of schizophrenia participants having values within the 'normative' range. The PPF composite was positively related to mental and physical health variables and with biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance. The relationship between PPFs and mental health was particularly strong for individuals with schizophrenia. Conclusion: A sizable minority of adults with chronic schizophrenia have levels of resilience, optimism, happiness, and perceived stress similar to HCs. Psychosocial interventions to enhance PPFs should be tested in patients with serious mental illnesses, with the goal of improving their mental health (beyond controlling symptoms of psychosis) and their physical health.

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Correlational Studies of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms: An Overview and Update

Cited by 152 publications

References 24 publications

Self-Disorder and Brain Processing of Proprioception in Schizophrenia Spectrum Patients: A Re-Analysis

Self-Disorder and Brain Processing of Proprioception in Schizophrenia Spectrum Patients: A Re-Analysis

Autonomic Dysfunction in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Patients Suffering From Schizophrenia

Positive mental health in schizophrenia and healthy comparison groups: relationships with overall health and biomarkers

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