Correlational study on the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients

Abstract

Background It is widely acknowledged that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) are all chronic metabolic diseases. The objective of this study is to retrospectively probe the association between the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D) and NAFLD in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Three hundred thirty-nine T2DM patients participated in this research and from November 2018 to September 2019 and were divided into simple T2DM group (108 cases) and T2DM with NAFLD group (231 cases) in conformity with abdominal ultrasound diagnosis. The NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) ≥0.676 was defined as progressive liver fibrosis.231 T2DM with NAFLD patients were categorized into two subgroups: progressive liver fibrosis subgroup (48 cases) and without progressive liver fibrosis subgroup (183 cases). Results The prevalence of NAFLD by Abdominal ultrasonography was 68%.The results indicated that the levels of 25-(OH) D were significantly lower in T2DM with NAFLD group than that in simple T2DM group(P < 0.01). The levels of 25-(OH) D were significantly lower in progressive liver fibrosis subgroup than that in patients without progressive liver fibrosis and simple T2DM,and 25-(OH) D levels were lower in without progressive liver fibrosis subgroup than that in simple T2DM group(p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that levels of 25-(OH) D were negative correlation with risk of NAFLD and progressive liver fibrosis(p = 0.011、p = 0.044,respectively). Conclusions we could come to a conclusion that low levels of 25-(OH) D was a risk factor for NAFLD and progressive liver fibrosis in T2DM patients.

Relationship of liver fat content with systemic metabolism and chronic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Visceral obesity, T2DM, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension are the phenotypic expression of NAFLD, and the presence of one or more of these conditions increases the risk of developing NAFLD [ 28 ]. In our study, the BMI, SBP, DBP, TG, ALT, AST, GGT, UA, HbA1c, FCP, 2 h CP, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-IS in T2DM patients with NAFLD were significantly higher than those without NAFLD ( P < 0.05), suggesting that T2DM with NAFLD patients are more prone to metabolic abnormalities and insulin resistance, which is consistent with other studies [ 24 , 29 ]. However, there was no significant difference in TC, TG, LDL-C, and H-LDL between the NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups, which may be largely related to the utilization of lipid-lowering drugs in clinical practice impacting the results.…”

Vitamin D3 enhances the effects of omega‐3 oils against metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease in rat

“…Nutraceuticals with hypoglycemic and anti‐lipidemic properties alongside antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory actions have emerged as potential therapies for MAFLD since FDA‐approved drugs are lacking 19,20 . Under this theme, several epidemiological studies have shown that serum 25‐OH VD levels correlated negatively with obesity, insulin resistance and severity of MAFLD 29,30 . Moreover, VD deficiency in mice upregulated the expression of hepatic lipogenic molecules, including PPAR‐γ and SREBP1, decreased PPAR‐α and β‐oxidation as well as resulted in dyslipidemia and insulin resistance 31 .…”

“…19,20 Under this theme, several epidemiological studies have shown that serum 25-OH VD levels correlated negatively with obesity, insulin resistance and severity of MAFLD. 29,30 Moreover, VD deficiency in mice upregulated the expression of hepatic lipogenic molecules, including PPAR-γ and SREBP1, decreased PPAR-α and β-oxidation as well as resulted in dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. 31 In contrast, VD 3 therapy reduced obesity, enhanced insulin sensitivity, modulated hepatic lipid metabolizing molecules, and mitigated inflammation and oxidative stress.…”

“…Similarly, vitamin D 3 (VD 3 ) is a plethoric steroid hormone that robustly inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation alongside regulating glucose and lipid metabolism 26–28 . Moreover, serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25‐OH VD) levels correlated inversely with the prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance and MAFLD, while VD 3 supplementations protected and/or reverted hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and MAFLD 29–31 …”

“…[26][27][28] Moreover, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH VD) levels correlated inversely with the prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance and MAFLD, while VD 3 supplementations protected and/or reverted hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and MAFLD. [29][30][31] Although VD 3 and omega-3 oils co-treatment also showed better metabolic regulations with enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic patients as well as in women with gestational diabetes, [32][33][34][35] only two studies explored their additive protective actions against MAFLD. 36,37 Therefore, this study was designed to measure the potential remedial efficacies and the underlying molecular mechanisms of omega-3 oils and/or VD 3 single and dual therapies against MAFLD in rats.…”