Correlations Between Abnormal Hippocampal Morphology and Prefrontal Physiology in Schizophrenia

Dr, Weinberger; Kf, Berman; Torrey, Ε. Fuller

doi:10.1097/00002826-199201001-00205

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In SPD, illusions and magical thinking impairment correlated with the right fusiform gyrus volumes (Dickey et al, 2003a); odd speech with left superior temporal gyrus volumes in females (Dickey et al, 2003b); and in non-psychiatric subjects a fMRI experiment designed to simulate low level paranoia/delusions, selectively activated the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 44) (Blackwood et al, 2000), a region shown to have metabolic rates in SPD subjects intermediate between control and schizophrenic subjects (Buchsbaum et al, 2002). Although tentative, these findings, taken together, suggest that at least some of the dominate symptoms of SPD may be attributable to abnormalities in the frontotemporal cortices, again, not unlike what has been shown in schizophrenia Weinberger et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Clinical, cognitive, and social characteristics of a sample of neuroleptic-naive persons with schizotypal personality disorder

Dickey

McCarley

Niznikiewicz

et al. 2005

Schizophrenia Research

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Introduction-Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) shares with schizophrenia many biological features, yet little is known about the clinical characteristics of persons diagnosed with this disorder. This report describes the clinical, cognitive and socio-occupational characteristics of a community sample of subjects diagnosed with SPD.Method-Sixty-four male and 40 female neuroleptic-naive DSM-IV SPD subjects and 59 male and 51 female comparison subjects were recruited from the community for a total sample of 214 subjects. Demographic and cognitive differences between groups and, within the SPD group, the effect of gender on clinical features, such as the SPD criteria, SAPS, SANS, Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, and co-morbidity, were examined using ANOVA and Chi-square distributions.Results-SPD subjects, in contrast to comparison subjects, had significantly lower socio-economic status, poorer social relationships and skills, and lower vocabulary scores. Furthermore, SPD subjects demonstrated more impairment on Vocabulary scores than on Block Design, as measured by the WAIS-R, a pattern not seen in comparison subjects. In the SPD cohort, positive symptoms predominated and nearly half were co-morbid for major depression. With respect to gender, male SPD subjects, compared with female SPD subjects, evinced significantly more negative symptoms, fewer friends, had more odd speech, and were more likely to also suffer from paranoid and narcissistic personality disorders. In contrast to male SPD subjects, female SPD subjects perceived themselves to be more disorganized. Conclusions-SPD subjects, similar to schizophrenics, are impaired socially, occupationally, and cognitively, particularly in the area of verbal measures. Moreover, male SPD subjects may be more severely affected than female SPD subjects across multiple domains of functioning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Clinical, cognitive, and social characteristics of a sample of neuroleptic-naive persons with schizotypal personality disorder

Dickey

McCarley

Niznikiewicz

et al. 2005

Schizophrenia Research

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“…The neuroanatomical relationships of the PFC and its subregions are characterized by its numerous connections with the amygdala, the temporal cortex, the parietal cortex, thalamic nuclei, hippocampus, dorsal and ventral striatum, hypothalamus, and midbrain, as well as with one another (e.g., Carmichael & Price, 1995;Ghashghaei & Barbas, 2002;Goldman-Rakic, 1987;Heidbreder & Groenewegen, 2003;Middleton & Strick, 1996a, 1996bRoberts et al, 2007;Vertes, 2004). Increasingly, the contribution of these structures to executive function, such as working memory (e.g., hippocampus, Weinberger, Berman, & Torrey, 1992;Weinberger, Zigun, Bartley, Jones, & Torrey, 1992), attention (e.g., subthalamic nucleus, Baunez & Robbins, 1997;Chudasama, Baunez, & Robbins, 2003) and decision-making (e.g., amygdala, Baxter et al, 2000), has been demonstrated. In this article, I have not attempted to review the complex functional interplay between the PFC and the many cortical and subcortical structures to which it is connected, as these details are presently poorly understood and is the topic of intense investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models of prefrontal-executive function.

Chudasama¹

2011

Behavioral Neuroscience

133

108

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Executive function allows us to interact with the world in a purposive, goal-directed manner. It relies on several cognitive control operations that are mediated by different regions of the prefrontal cortex. While much of our knowledge about the functional subdivisions of the prefrontal cortex comes from the systematic assessment of patients with brain damage, animal models have served as the predominant tool for investigating specific structure-function relationships within the prefrontal cortex, especially as they relate to complex executive behaviors. These studies generally involve the targeted disruption of neural circuits combined with behavioral testing using carefully designed cognitive paradigms. In this review, I will describe a broad range of such experiments conducted in rats and monkeys that together reveal the distinct contributions of dorsal, medial, and ventral prefrontal cortex to different aspects of executive function. The effects of lesions and local pharmacological manipulations have provided valuable insights into the neural underpinnings of executive function and its neurochemical modulation. Despite the challenges associated with establishing a precise homology between animal models of prefrontal function and the human brain, such models currently offer the best means to systematically investigate the cognitive building blocks of executive function. This helps define the neural circuits that lead to a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders and facilitate the development of effective therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the associated cognitive impairments.

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“…As many early studies were unable to distinguish between the hippocampus and the amygdala because of technical limitations, studies that measured the 2 structures together were not excluded. Four studies were excludedbecauseofsubjectduplication, 35,45,59,60 3becausemeans and SDs were not reported, 50,61,62 6 because the hippocampal area was measured instead of the volume, 49,53,[63][64][65][66] 1 because control subjects were not included, 67 1 because the parahippocampal gyrus was included in the ROI, 68 and 1 because it evaluated elderly patients (mean age, 78.1 years). 69 Therefore, 18 studies were ultimately included in this meta-analytic study, including data from our laboratory.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia as Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Nelson

Saykin

Flashman

et al. 1998

Arch Gen Psychiatry

701

149

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Schizophrenia is associated with a bilateral volumetric reduction of the hippocampus and probably of the amygdala as well. These findings reinforce the importance of the medial temporal region in schizophrenia and are consistent with frequently reported memory deficits in these patients. Future quantitative magnetic resonance imaging studies evaluating the hippocampal volume should measure the hippocampus and amygdala separately and compare the volumetric reduction in these structures to that observed in other gray matter areas.

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Correlations Between Abnormal Hippocampal Morphology and Prefrontal Physiology in Schizophrenia

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Clinical, cognitive, and social characteristics of a sample of neuroleptic-naive persons with schizotypal personality disorder

Clinical, cognitive, and social characteristics of a sample of neuroleptic-naive persons with schizotypal personality disorder

Animal models of prefrontal-executive function.

Hippocampal Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia as Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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