Correlations Between Lipid Levels and Age, Gender, Glycemia, Obesity, Diabetes, and Smoking

Abstract

A low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Dietary measures and pharmacological agents are often not sufficient to reach the HDL-C target level of 40 mg/dl in patients with low baseline HDL-C. This study assesses the association between lipid levels and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), glycemia, diabetes and smoking and focuses on the parameters influencing HDL-C. In the town of Lede (Belgium) all patients aged between 45 and 64 years were invited during 1999 for a free of charge health check-up and blood test. Blood pressure, weight, length and smoking habits were recorded. Serum levels for glycemia and lipoproteins were determined. In total, 629 subjects attended for the check-up. In a logistic regression analysis age above 50 years was correlated with low HDL-C (OR = 2.27 CI = 1.10-4.68). Male gender was correlated with low HDL-C (OR = 3.85 CI = 1.77-8.43) and with high triglycerides (TG) (OR = 1.94 CI = 1.14-3.30). From the level of 90 mg/dl glycemia was correlated with low HDL-C (OR = 2.56 CI = 1.02-6.39) and high TG (OR = 2.12 CI = 1.16-4.06). Obesity was correlated with low HDL-C (OR = 2.36 CI = 1.18-4.71) and high TG (OR = 2.17 CI = 1.88-5.23). This study provides some evidence to sharpen the target levels for glycemia and BMI among patients with low HDL-C and high TG. For these patients, the target glycemia should be around 90 mg/dl and BMI around 25 kg/m2. Physical activity and diet are also important in the achievement of these target levels.

Stage of exercise and health‐related quality of life among overweight and obese adults

“…Moreover, studies show that overweight individuals not only experience more cardiovascular disease (Silventoinen et al. 2003, Devroey et al. 2004), more hypertension and higher cholesterol levels than those of healthy weights (Onal et al.…”

“…Nevertheless, being overweight or obese is a complex chronic condition that is affected by genetic, metabolic, social, behavioural, and cultural factors and that had an important impact on health, psychosocial well-being, longevity, functional capacity, and quality of life for those with weight challenges (National Institute of Health 2000, Kolotkin et al 2001b). Moreover, studies show that overweight individuals not only experience more cardiovascular disease (Silventoinen et al 2003, Devroey et al 2004, more hypertension and higher cholesterol levels than those of healthy weights (Onal et al 2004, Pan et al 2004; but they are also more susceptible to type 2 diabetes (Beebe 2002, Han et al 2002, Chien et al 2004, osteoarthritis, and joint and mobility problems (Felson 2004). Therefore, research on a single aspect of a problem may be inadequate to represent all the effects of obesity on individuals.…”

Aumento do índice de massa corporal em relação a variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais quanto ao sexo em indivíduos sem evidências de cardiopatia

“…Weight loss was effective in reducing coronary heart disease risk in insulin-resistant, obese women 33,34 . The results of a study that included men and women substantiate evidence to sharpen target levels for serum glucose and body mass index among patients with low HDL-C and high triglycerides 35 . In our study sample some unknown factors other than obesity-related well-known risk factors may be responsible for this observation.…”

Dyslipidaemia in hypertensive obese type 2 diabetic patients in Jamaica

“…Physical activity was not considered and the amount of alcohol and tobacco use was not quantified in our study. These 3 lifestyle factors have been reported to be quantitatively correlated with plasma lipid levels [57, 58]. Also, data on the socioeconomic status of the patients were not available, to check for its influence on the dyslipidaemic state of the participants.…”