Correlations between organic matter properties and DBP formation during chloramination

Yang, Xin; Shang, Chii; Lee, Chang Kyu; Westerhoff, Paul; Fan, Chihhao

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.12.021

Cited by 149 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It has been demonstrated that the chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter influences the formation of disinfection by-products: specific DOC fractions were found to have a higher THMFP than others (Ramavandi et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2009). Since DOC is partially biodegradable, selective DOC removal by the two filter media would also create two different environmental conditions for the filter colonizing microorganisms.…”

Section: Implications For Water Quality: Putative Pathogens and Faecamentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium shapes the microbial community of water filters with implications for effluent quality

et al. 2018

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a b s t r a c tLittle is known about the forces that determine the assembly of diverse bacterial communities inhabiting drinking water treatment filters and how this affects drinking water quality. Two contrasting ecological theories can help to understand how natural microbial communities assemble; niche theory and neutral theory, where environmental deterministic factors or stochastic factors predominate respectively. This study investigates the development of the microbial community on two common contrasting filter materials (quartz sand and granular activated carbon-GAC), to elucidate the main factors governing their assembly, through the evaluation of environmental (i.e. filter medium type) and stochastic forces (random deaths, births and immigration). Laboratory-scale filter columns were used to mimic a rapid gravity filter; the microbiome of the filter materials, and of the filter influent and effluent, was characterised using next generation 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and flow-cytometry. Chemical parameters (i.e. dissolved organic carbon, trihalomethanes formation) were also monitored to assess the final effluent quality. The filter communities seemed to be strongly assembled by selection rather than neutral processes, with only 28% of those OTUs shared with the source water detected on the filter medium following predictions using a neutral community model. GAC hosted a phylogenetically more diverse community than sand. The two filter media communities seeded the effluent water, triggering differences in both water quality and community composition of the effluents. Overall, GAC proved to be better than sand in controlling microbial growth, by promoting higher bacterial decay rates and hosting less bacterial cells, and showed better performance for putative pathogen control by leaking less Legionella cells into the effluent water.

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Section: Implications For Water Quality: Putative Pathogens and Faecamentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium shapes the microbial community of water filters with implications for effluent quality

et al. 2018

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“…S2); on average the SUVA value was 0.62 L/(mg Á C Á m) across a range of pH values. Natural FAs and HAs commonly have SUVA values between 3 and 6 L/ (mg Á C Á m) (Amery et al, 2008;Yang et al, 2008). This lends some additional support to the idea that the extracted DOM from biosolids may have weaker proton-and metal-binding properties than pure FAs or HAs.…”

Section: Adom/doc Ratiomentioning

confidence: 62%

Geochemical Modeling of Trace Element Release from Biosolids

Apul

Diaz

Gustafsson

et al. 2010

Environmental Engineering Science

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Biosolids-borne trace elements may be released to the environment when biosolids are used as fertilizers in farm land. Trace element leachate concentrations from biosolids are known to be limited by both organic and inorganic sorbent surfaces; this experimental evidence has not been previously verified with geochemical modeling of sorption reactions. In this study, pH-dependent leaching experiments and sorption isotherm experiments were coupled with a multisurface geochemical modeling approach. Biosolids samples were obtained from Toledo and Chicago wastewater treatment plants; their sorbent surfaces were defined and modeled as a combination of organic matter (OM) and Fe-, Al-, and Mn-oxides. The multisurface geochemical modeling approach was partially successful in predicting the pH-dependent leachate concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, and Zn. Both modeled and experimental data indicated that As and Mo in biosolids were bound to Fe-oxides; Cd, Cr, and Cu were bound mainly to OM; and as pH increased the fractions of Cd and Cu bound to Fe-oxides in the biosolids matrix increased. Ni and Zn were distributed between OM and Fe-oxides, and the percentage of each fraction depended on the pH. This study showed that the multisurface geochemical model could be used to generate As (and to a lesser extent Cd) Freundlich isotherm parameters for biosolids. However, the composition and reactivity of solid and dissolved OM was identified as a source of uncertainty in the modeling results. Therefore, more detailed studies focusing on the reactivity of isolated biosolids OM fractions with regard to proton and metal binding are needed to improve the capability of geochemical models to predict the fate of biosolids-borne trace metals in the environment.

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“…Applications of fluorescence spectroscopy in drinking water treatment include studies of OM reactivity with disinfectant (Korshin et al 1999;Westerhoff et al 1999;Ś wietlik and Sikorska 2004), prediction of THM formation (Beggs et al 2006;Johnstone and Miller 2009;Roccaro et al 2009), correlation of fluorescence properties with SUVA and DBPs formation during chloramination (Yang et al 2008), OM characterisation in membrane permeates (Peiris et al 2008) and, more recently, assessments of OM removal in the coagulation, flocculation and clarification processes (Bieroza et al 2009) and across complete water treatment works (Bieroza et al 2010). Her et al (2003 demonstrated a combined HPSECfluorescence approach for DOM characterisation in bulk water samples without fractionation.…”

Section: Application Of Florescence Spectroscopy In Om Characterisatimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All fractions demonstrated increased emission intensities within UV excitation wavelengths, with hydrophobic fractions extending from 370 to 430 nm emission wavelength and hydrophilic fractions with emission wavelengths lower than 370 nm. Likewise, the optical properties of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions were evaluated by Chen and Valentine (2007) and Yang et al (2008). However, in each of those studies, the spectral location of the peaks reflecting the contribution of particular isolates was different and therefore the results are inconclusive.…”

Section: Application Of Florescence Spectroscopy In Om Characterisatimentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of fluorescence spectroscopy to organic matter characterisation in drinking water treatment

Bridgeman

Bieroza

Baker

2011

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

136

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Key to effective disinfection byproduct (DBP) management is source water control and management, and more specifically, organic matter (OM) control and management. However, the content and character of OM in source waters is spatially and temporally variable, and the prediction of its composition is challenging. Water treatment companies require adequate analytical techniques for OM characterisation to maintain the operation of the water supply and treatment systems adjusted to constantly changing environmental conditions. There is a requirement, therefore, for an improved understanding of OM composition and character in source water, how that composition and character varies with flow conditions, and how this impacts on drinking water treatment. This paper demonstrates that fluorescence spectroscopy offers a potential alternative to other analytical methods of OM characterisation. The advantages of fluorescence include rapid, sensitive and selective characterisation of OM, no sample pre-treatment, small sample volume, and the potential for on-line monitoring incorporation. Fluorescence can provide useful information on OM reactivity and treatability together with an indication of the OM sources (allochthonous or autochthonous). The paper discusses a body of literature which has identified relationships between fluorescence spectra and OM physico-chemical properties (i.e. degree of hydrophobicity, microbial content), has applied fluorescence spectroscopy to characterise the changes in OM upon disinfection, and has related the fluorescence properties to DBP formation. Further work is required in the robust management of data arising from fluorescence spectroscopy analysis and, in particular, Excitation Emission Matrices. Consideration must be given as to how the data might best be employed to greatest effect on a routine basis at WTW.

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Correlations between organic matter properties and DBP formation during chloramination

Cited by 149 publications

References 25 publications

Medium shapes the microbial community of water filters with implications for effluent quality

Medium shapes the microbial community of water filters with implications for effluent quality

Geochemical Modeling of Trace Element Release from Biosolids

The application of fluorescence spectroscopy to organic matter characterisation in drinking water treatment

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