Correlations between Traditional and Nontraditional Indicators of Adiposity, Inflammation, and Monocyte Subtypes in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Background. Recruitment of monocytes and low-grade inflammation process are both involved in obesity and in atherosclerosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation among indicators of adiposity, monocyte subtypes, and inflammatory markers in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods. This was a cross-sectional study including 97 patients with stable CAD aged >40 years. Traditional anthropometric indicators of adiposity (body mass index (BMI); waist, hip, and neck circumferences; and waist-hip ratio) and nontraditional anthropometric indicators of adiposity (lipid accumulation product index (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and deep-abdominal-adipose-tissue index (DAAT)) were determined. Immunoprecipitation, turbidimetry, coagulometric method, and CBA were used for the evaluation of inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and INF-γ). Monocyte subtypes were identified by flow cytometry and defined as CD14++ CD16− (Mon1), CD14++ CD16+ (Mon2), and CD14+ CD16++ (Mon3). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and adjusted partial correlation were calculated. Results. Monocyte subtypes were correlated with inflammation regardless of nutritional status according to BMI. In overweight individuals, LAP was correlated with IL-4 and fibrinogen (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) and VAI with IL-4 (P<0.05). In obese patients, the BMI, waist, neck, and hip circumferences, and DAAT were correlated with IL-6 (P<0.05), regardless of age and sex. The hip circumference was correlated positively with Mon1 (r = 0.40, P=0.007) and negatively with Mon3 (r = −0.35, P=0.02) in obese subjects. Conclusion. Monocyte subtypes are correlated with inflammation in patients with stable CAD independently of BMI, whereas traditional and nontraditional indicators of adiposity are correlated differently with inflammatory markers and monocytes, according to the nutritional status.

Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers as Additional Value to Traditional Risk-factors in Cardiovascular Risk Stratification

“…Except for total CVD risk and risk age, the same variables were identified as independently associated variables with IL-6 levels above 1 pg/ml, with a multivariate linear regressionbackward analysis. Our results were in accordance with current scientific reports [40], [41], [42], [43], [44].…”

Brown adipose tissue ameliorates autoimmune arthritis via inhibition of Th17 cells

“…Adipose tissue constitutes the major source of cytokines, chemokines, and metabolically active mediators known as adipokines 6 , 7 . It has been suggested that inflammation, which is induced by adipose tissue, is associated with osteoarthritis 8 – 10 , rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 11 – 13 , type 2 diabetes mellitus 14 – 17 , and coronary artery disease 18 , 19 .…”

MicroRNA-668-3p Protects Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in a Rat H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Targeting the Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCR4 Signaling Pathway

“…Studies have shown that an increased body mass index (BMI) and abdominal adiposity are associated with an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction and reduce the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease [25]. Also, there is an association between obesity and inflammation [12]. A recent study showed that light-emitting diode (LED) therapy protected against myocardial IRI-induced ventricular arrhythmia by suppressing microglial activation and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the ischemic myocardium [26].…”

“…Inflammation has important roles in the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease. The increased secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), IL-10 and IL-12, are correlated with the development of CAD [12]. IL-6 is a mediator of the inflammatory and immune response, and the association between the IL-6 gene polymorphism and cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated [13].…”