Correlations of Fat Content in Human Milk with Fat Droplet Size and Phospholipid Species

Duan, Beibei; Hong, Eun-Sik; Shin, Jung‐Ah; Yan, Qingyun; Lee, Jeung-Hee; Lee, Chi‐Woo; Lee, Ki‐Teak

doi:10.3390/molecules26061596

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It is known that one of the determinants of the fat content of human milk is the produced milk volume 32 . Fat content itself is related with MFG size, where a higher fat content results in larger MFGs 33 . These larger MFGs are easier to disrupt, resulting in an increased amount of dissociated MFGM and consequently MFGM proteins in the milk.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network analysis of the proteome and peptidome sheds light on human milk as a biological system

Dekker,

Boeren,

Saccenti

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Proteins and peptides found in human milk have bioactive potential to benefit the newborn and support healthy development. Research has been carried out on the health benefits of proteins and peptides, but many questions still need to be answered about the nature of these components, how they are formed, and how they end up in the milk. This study explored and elucidated the complexity of the human milk proteome and peptidome. Proteins and peptides were analyzed with non-targeted nanoLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS in a selection of 297 milk samples from the CHILD Cohort Study. Protein and peptide abundances were determined, and a network was inferred using Gaussian graphical modeling (GGM), allowing an investigation of direct associations. This study showed that signatures of (1) specific mechanisms of transport of different groups of proteins, (2) proteolytic degradation by proteases and aminopeptidases, and (3) coagulation and complement activation are present in human milk. These results show the value of an integrated approach in evaluating large-scale omics data sets and provide valuable information for studies that aim to associate protein or peptide profiles from biofluids such as milk with specific physiological characteristics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network analysis of the proteome and peptidome sheds light on human milk as a biological system

Dekker,

Boeren,

Saccenti

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…The column used in this study was a PVA-Sil column because the PVA coating can eliminate the unnecessary electrostatic interactions between the base organic compound and silanol group (-Si-O-H), whereas the bare silica may show tailing or irreversible adsorption effects of the strong electrostatic interactions between the base organic compound and silica [ 7 ]. In addition, the level of isolation of acidic organic compounds is low in the bare silica column but high in the PVA-Sil column; therefore, the latter is widely used for the analysis of PLs [ 8 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HPLC was used to analyze the PLs in the infant formula and dried big head shrimp [ 7 ]. The HPLC device used was the SP930D (Yonglin, Yangyang, Korea).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compositional Study of Phospholipids from the Dried Big Head and Opossum Shrimp, Mussel, and Sea Cucumber Using 31P NMR Spectroscopy: Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Plasmalogen

Hong

Kim

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Herein, we present a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the compositions of plasmalogens and phospholipids (PLs) in dried big head shrimp (Solenocera melantho), opossum shrimp (Neomysis awatschensis), mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), and sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). We also analyze the fatty acid composition of the extracted lipids, phosphatidyl choline (PtdCho), and plasmalogen choline (PlsCho) from each sample. In big head shrimp, opossum shrimp, and mussel, phosphatidyl choline (PtdCho) was the most abundant PL at 1677.9, 1603, and 1661.6 mg/100 g of dried sample, respectively, whereas the most abundant PL in sea cucumber was PlsCho (206.9 mg/100 g of dried sample). In all four samples, plasmalogen ethanolamine (PlsEtn) was higher than phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PtdEtn). The content (mg/100 g of dried sample) of PlsCho was highest in mussel (379.0), and it was higher in big head shrimp (262.3) and opossum shrimp (245.6) than sea cucumber (206.9). The contents (mg/100 g of dried sample) of PlsEtn were in the order of mussel (675.4) > big head shrimp (629.5) > opossum shrimp (217.9) > sea cucumber (51.5). For analyzing the fatty acids at the sn-2 position of PlsCho, the consecutive treatment with phospholipase A1, solid phase extraction, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and GC-FID were applied. The most abundant fatty acid was eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5, n-3) in big head shrimp and sea cucumber, palmitoleic acid (C16:1, n-7) in opossum shrimp, and docosadienoic acid (C22:2, n-6) in mussel.

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“… Data on mg/100 ml in human milk are from Duan et al ( 10 ), Giuffrida et al ( 11 ), Thakkar et al ( 12 ), Wei et al ( 13 ), Ma et al ( 14 ), Claumarchirant et al ( 15 ), and on bovine milk from Pimentel et al ( 16 ) and Graves et al ( 17 ). Data on % distribution in human milk are from Giuffrida et al ( 11 ) and, in bovine milk, are from Anto and Warykas ( 4 ) .…”

Section: Composition Of Polar Lipids In Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestion and Absorption of Milk Phospholipids in Newborns and Adults

2021

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Milk polar lipids provide choline, ethanolamine, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are needed for the growth and plasticity of the tissues in a suckling child. They may also inhibit cholesterol absorption by interacting with cholesterol during micelle formation. They may also have beneficial luminal, mucosal, and metabolic effects in both the neonate and the adult. The milk fat globule membrane contains large proportions of sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and some phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and glycosphingolipids. Large-scale technical procedures are available for the enrichment of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in milk replacement formulations and food additives. Pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and mucosal phospholipase B digest glycero-phospholipids in the adult. In the neonate, where these enzymes may be poorly expressed, pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 probably has a more important role. Mucosal alkaline SM-ase and ceramidase catalyze the digestion of SM in both the neonate and the adult. In the mucosa, the sphingosine is converted into sphingosine-1-phosphate, which is both an intermediate in the conversion to palmitic acid and a signaling molecule. This reaction sequence also generates ethanolamine. Here, we summarize the pathways by which digestion and absorption may be linked to the biological effects of milk polar lipids. In addition to the inhibition of cholesterol absorption and the generation of lipid signals in the gut, the utilization of absorbed choline and ethanolamine for mucosal and hepatic phospholipid synthesis and the acylation of absorbed lyso-PC with polyunsaturated fatty acids to chylomicron and mucosal phospholipids are important.

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Correlations of Fat Content in Human Milk with Fat Droplet Size and Phospholipid Species

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Network analysis of the proteome and peptidome sheds light on human milk as a biological system

Network analysis of the proteome and peptidome sheds light on human milk as a biological system

Compositional Study of Phospholipids from the Dried Big Head and Opossum Shrimp, Mussel, and Sea Cucumber Using 31P NMR Spectroscopy: Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Plasmalogen

Digestion and Absorption of Milk Phospholipids in Newborns and Adults

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