Correlations of patch test reactivity and the repeated open application test (ROAT)/provocative use test (PUT)

Villarama, Clarissa D.; Maibach, Howard I.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2004.05.009

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In some studies, if a given concentration fails to elicit a positive response after 7–14 days the concentration is increased and so on. The overall agreements are that strongly sensitized individuals react more quickly to lower concentrations of the relevant allergen – all of which is completely predictable from the experimental observations on the dose–response relationships of the allergic contact hypersensitivity response 50 …”

Section: Factors Affecting the Responses To Elicitation Challengementioning

confidence: 60%

The relationships between exposure dose and response in induction and elicitation of contact hypersensitivity in humans

Friedmann

2007

Br J Dermatol

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Like all physiological systems, the human immune system exhibits dose-response relationships in its reactions. The strength of sensitization is related to the potency of the immunogen and the dose that reaches the immune system. In skin, as sensitizing dose per unit area (mug cm(-2)) is increased on a log scale, there is a sigmoid dose-response curve for subsequent reactivity. Similarly, the response to elicitation shows a classical sigmoid response to increasing challenge dose, with the dose per unit area again being the determinant. There is a clear inverse correlation between the strength of sensitization and the subsequent dose of antigen to which an individual will respond. This is reflected in the different challenge systems used to diagnose the existence of allergic contact sensitization to a given allergen. The occluded patch test aims to use the highest concentration possible to detect the weakest degrees of allergy, whereas the repeated open application test uses much lower concentrations similar to those encountered in real life, applied repeatedly but without occlusion, to assess clinical relevance. Many authors have attempted to use the lowest concentrations to which rare, highly sensitized individuals can react to define the concentrations which might be free of risk in terms of inducing allergic sensitization. However, it is clear that the dose-response relationships for induction of sensitivity by repeated low-dose exposures must be carefully defined in future studies. This article reviews the dose-response relationships of human contact sensitization.

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Section: Factors Affecting the Responses To Elicitation Challengementioning

confidence: 60%

The relationships between exposure dose and response in induction and elicitation of contact hypersensitivity in humans

Friedmann

2007

Br J Dermatol

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“…[50] Individuals who give low thresholds of elicitation in sequential dilution patch tests are not always the most responsive in repeated open application test (ROAT) studies, and vice versa. [51] An IFRA standard has recently been released that specifies that:…”

Section: Quantitative Composition Of Treemoss Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lichen extracts as raw materials in perfumery. Part 2: treemoss

Joulain¹,

Tabacchi

2009

Flavour & Fragrance J

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This is a comprehensive review of extracts from the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (treemoss) that are used in the fragrance industry. Qualitative and quantitative analytical aspects are critically reviewed and the results are compared to those of the related oakmoss extracts. It is shown that more than 90 constituents have been identified so far in treemoss extracts, including 42 depsides, depsidones or depside-derived compounds, and 42 triterpenes or steroids. Constituents of certain host trees, mainly Pinus species, generate specific analytical and toxicological issues which need to be considered in addition to those related to the known degradation products of lichen compounds. A new classification of lichen extracts used as raw materials in fragrance compounding is proposed

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“…This should be simplifi ed when more data become available as to appropriate nonirritant patch test concentrations and vehicles together with clinical correlations to provocative use test/repeat open application tests [38,39] . The recent expedited schema for providing fragrance allergens should be of value [40] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitization Potential of Citronellol

Hostýnek¹,

Maibach²

2004

Exog Dermatol

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The fragrance material citronellol has been cited as a moderately frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis. A review of the literature shows that when the underlying clinical and experimental data are analyzed, a clear cause-effect relationship has infrequently or rarely been established. On the basis of its generally weak sensitizing potential in animals and human volunteers, coupled with its generally low exposure conditions, the prevalence of clinical cases would not be expected to be particularly high. This is not to say that citronellol is a frequent inducer of type IV allergy in members of the public. It remains to be seen, however, how often such allergy, once established, is responsible for any of the cases of allergic contact dermatitis commonly described in the literature. Indeed, in some cases, patch test conditions may not be optimal for differentiating between clinically relevant and irrelevant allergy to citronellol. Clarification of patch-test-related clinical relevance may be obtained utilizing retesting, dilution series and use tests.

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Correlations of patch test reactivity and the repeated open application test (ROAT)/provocative use test (PUT)

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

The relationships between exposure dose and response in induction and elicitation of contact hypersensitivity in humans

The relationships between exposure dose and response in induction and elicitation of contact hypersensitivity in humans

Lichen extracts as raw materials in perfumery. Part 2: treemoss

Sensitization Potential of Citronellol

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