Correlations of Self-Esteem and Intolerance of Ambiguity with Risk Aversion

Johanson, John C.

doi:10.2466/pr0.2000.87.2.534

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Chirumbolo (2002) expounds that the low ambiguity tolerance that is expressed by individuals who need the high level of cognitive operation can be considered a dispositional trait that may have great influences on both social behavior and cognitive style (p. 604). According to the findings of the study conducted by Johansson (2000), there was a positive correlation between risk anxiety and ambiguity (in) tolerance. The conclusions would be useful for the purpose of investigating the correlation of cognitive personality factor and the humanist-normative tendencies.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 98%

An Introduction to the Ambiguity Tolerance: As a Source of Variation in English-Persian Translation

Khoshsima

Toroujeni

2017

Int. J. Appl. Linguist. Engl. Lit.

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Different individuals provide different translations of different qualities of the same text. This may be due to one’s dominant cognitive style and individuals’ particular personal characteristics (Khoshsima & Hashemi Toroujeni, 2017) in general or ambiguity tolerance in particular. A certain degree of ambiguity tolerance (henceforth AI) has been found to facilitate language learning (Chapelle, 1983; Ehrman, 1999; Ely, 1995). However, this influential factor has been largely overlooked in translation studies. The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between AT and translation quality by identifying the expected positive correlation between the level of AT and the numbers of translation errors. Out of the 56 undergraduates of English-Persian Translation at Chabahar Maritime University (CMU), a sample of 34 top students was selected based on their scores on the reading comprehension which enjoys a special focus in many contexts (Khoshsima & Rezaeian Tiyar, 2014) and structure subtests of the TOEFL. The participants responded to the SLTAS questionnaire for AT developed by Ely (1995). The questionnaire had a high alpha internal consistency reliability of .84 and standardized item alpha of .84. In the next stage of the research, the participants translated a short passage of contemporary English into Persian, which was assessed using the SICAL III scale for TQA developed and used by Canadian Government’s Translation Bureau as its official TQA model (Williams, 1989). Then, to find the relationship between the level of ambiguity tolerance in undergraduates of English-Persian translation at Chabahar Maritime University and their translation quality, analysis of the collected data revealed a significant positive correlation (r=440, p<.05) between the participants’ degree of AT and the numbers of errors in their translations. Controlling for SL proficiency, the correlation was still significantly positive (r=.397, p<.05). Accordingly, it was concluded that the more intolerant of ambiguity a person is, the more errors s/he is likely to make while translating; conversely, the more tolerant of ambiguity a person is, the higher the quality of his/her translation will be. Therefore as expected, analysis of the data revealed a positive correlation throughout the sample between ambiguity intolerance and translation quality.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 98%

An Introduction to the Ambiguity Tolerance: As a Source of Variation in English-Persian Translation

Khoshsima

Toroujeni

2017

Int. J. Appl. Linguist. Engl. Lit.

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“…Self-esteem can be conceptualized as a subjective evaluation of one's self-worth (Rosenberg, 1965). Those with higher levels of self-esteem typically exhibit lower levels of financial risk aversion (Grable and Joo, 2004; Johanson, 2000; Yang et al , 2010).…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of disappointment aversion and expectation proclivity in describing financial risk aversion among financial decision-makers

Grable

Kwak

2021

IJBM

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PurposeUsing data obtained from 525 individuals who were surveyed during early spring 2020, this study addressed three aims: (1) to ascertain the degree to which disappointment aversion and expectation proclivity are related; (2) to identify who is most likely to exhibit patterns of disappointment aversion; and (3) to determine to what extent the combination of disappointment aversion and expectation proclivity is associated with financial risk aversion.Design/methodology/approachSeveral analytic methods were used in this study. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each of the measures examined in this study. Correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression techniques were used to estimate associations between and among the variables of interest in this study.FindingsA negative relationship between disappointment aversion and expectation proclivity was noted, which is counter to conventional thinking. It is traditionally thought that those who establish high expectations will experience the greatest disappointment when choice outcomes fall below expectations. In this study, it was determined that when a financial decision-maker consistently establishes high outcome expectations and results fall below expectations, the financial decision-maker feels less disappointment. More precisely, those who consistently establish high expectations tend to be more disappointment tolerant than others.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper provides evidence that categories of disappointment aversion and expectation proclivity are associated with financial risk aversion and certain demographic characteristics.Practical implicationsThis paper adds support for assertions made in the International Journal of Bank Marketing (IJBM) that it is important for financial service professionals and bankers to manage customer expectations to reduce disappointment with products and services. This paper shows that combinations of disappointment aversion and expectation proclivity are related to the financial risk aversion of customers.Social implicationsFindings from this paper indicate that a commonly used heuristic that decision-makers should reduce expectations to avoid disappointment may not be accurate or particularly useful in the context of financial decision-making.Originality/valueFindings from this study add to the existing body of literature by showing that aversion to disappointment and the establishment of expectations, while distinct concepts, are interrelated.

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“…Research on TFA also indicates a strong relation with risk aversion. Johanson (2000) found that individuals with a high TFA had the least amount of risk aversion. Similarly Lauriola & Levin (2001) found a strong positive correlation between attitude toward risk and attitude toward ambiguity.…”

Section: Tolerance For Ambiguitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of the Timing of Interim and Majority of Audit Work

Makkawi

Abdolmohammadi

2004

Int J Auditing

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This study investigates the effect of the risk of material misstatement at the financial statement level on audit program planning. Using an inventory‐production cycle case study, we engaged forty‐eight auditors to assess the risk of material misstatement at the financial statement level. The auditors incorporated their assessments in planning the total number of audit hours and the timing of performance of interim tests and the majority of audit work. To further investigate the sources of variation, we classified auditors by their level of audit experience and tolerance‐for‐ambiguity, and analyzed the effects of these variables on the audit program planning. The results indicate that the risk of material misstatement is statistically significant in explaining changes in the total number of audit hours and the timing of the majority of audit work. Moreover, experience and tolerance‐for‐ambiguity were significant in explaining changes in the timing of interim tests and majority of work. Interaction between experience and tolerance‐for‐ambiguity was also significant in explaining the variation in the total number of hours planned for the overall audit work. This result indicated that inexperienced auditors with a low tolerance‐for‐ambiguity planned more audit procedures than the more experienced auditors with a high tolerance‐for‐ambiguity. Implications for audit practice and research are discussed.

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Correlations of Self-Esteem and Intolerance of Ambiguity with Risk Aversion

Abstract: The current paper reports for 80 undergraduates that risk aversion is greater among those with lower self-esteem scores on Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale and those with higher scores on Budner's Intolerance of Ambiguity Scale.

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

An Introduction to the Ambiguity Tolerance: As a Source of Variation in English-Persian Translation

An Introduction to the Ambiguity Tolerance: As a Source of Variation in English-Persian Translation

The role of disappointment aversion and expectation proclivity in describing financial risk aversion among financial decision-makers

Determinants of the Timing of Interim and Majority of Audit Work

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