Correlations of serum biochemistry profile with ultrasonic histogram of liver, gallbladder, and kidneys and morphometry of rescued long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Abstract

Diagnostic tools are infrequently used in assessing health conditions of rescued wildlife such as the long-tailed macaques in local wildlife rehabilitation and rescue centers in the Philippines. Health assessment of recently surrendered and rescued long-tailed macaques is limited to physical examination. Diagnostic tools such as serum biochemistry and diagnostic imaging are not readily present and performed upon arrival of new monkeys and during regular general health checkup of long-tailed macaques. These diagnostic tools are important in evaluating the general health condition of the animal, disease diagnosis, and monitoring. Serum evaluation is infrequently performed in rescued monkeys and is limited only to those being kept in laboratories. Serum biochemistry values for laboratory-kept long-tailed macaques originated from Mauritius, 1 China, 2 and Cambodia 3 were previously reported. Sex-related differences were observed on serum biochemistry values of healthy male and female macaques in previous studies. 4-8 The differences in serum biochemistry values observed in monkeys from a different country of origin might have been caused by their exposure to different dietary constituents and environment. Moreover, many factors including climate, genetic background, and age of the animals could affect the results. 4 In addition, increase or

Comparative study of blood pressure and echocardiographic values of male cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

“…Unlike other investigators, we did not use either atropine or ketamine, which can significantly increase the heart rate. Different drugs used for anaesthesia are known to affect the serum biochemistry profiles of the animals and thus might affect selection of anaesthesia method for a study 10 . The method of anaesthesia could have some influence on other echocardiographic parameters as already indicated earlier 7 .…”

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the liver and gallbladder and hepatic histogram of non‐venomous snakes

“…Grayscale histogram has been used to objectively assess the echogenicity and texture of parenchymal organs in the B‐mode image, such as liver in humans (Jeon et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2006), and other mammals (Banzato et al., 2015; Cardenio et al., 2020). The region‐of‐interest (ROI) is established, and grey‐levels of pixels contained in this ROI are used to evaluate the tissue (Kodym & Seyss, 1992; Lee et al., 2006).…”

Haematology, physiological parameters, morphometry and parasitological status of rescued bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus)

“…Haematological parameters vary with geographical, dietary and environmental factors 5,6 . Hence, it is recommended that data are compared with studies made in the same geographical area when assessing animal health.…”

“…3 Diagnostic tools, such as haematology screening, clinical biochemistry and ultrasonography, are seldom used in the health assessment of rescued primates. 5 However, these tools may provide valuable information regarding animal health and help clinicians and wildlife rehabilitators make decisions in primate reintroduction projects.…”

“…6 Haematological parameters vary with geographical, dietary and environmental factors. 5,6 Hence, it is recommended that data are compared with studies made in the same geographical area when assessing animal health. It is also important to know the age and sex class of the individuals, as certain parameters may be influenced by these factors.…”