2020
DOI: 10.1007/s11207-020-01691-3
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Correlations of Sunspot Physical Characteristics during Solar Cycle 23

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Cited by 17 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Under low-medium solar activity (or, in other words, when there is no/low gyroresonance emission), magnetic flux density plays an important role in varying elemental fractionation. At the start of the solar cycle, active regions (their sunspots) are smaller than the ones that emerge later in the cycle (Watson et al 2011;Valio et al 2020). The Sun-as-a-star FIP bias rises with the appearance of each new active region and the increased heating rate within.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Under low-medium solar activity (or, in other words, when there is no/low gyroresonance emission), magnetic flux density plays an important role in varying elemental fractionation. At the start of the solar cycle, active regions (their sunspots) are smaller than the ones that emerge later in the cycle (Watson et al 2011;Valio et al 2020). The Sun-as-a-star FIP bias rises with the appearance of each new active region and the increased heating rate within.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We used the Planck function to convert the de-projected continuum intensity maps of HMI to temperature (see, e.g., Beck et al 2012; Valio et al 2020). Norton et al (2006) give the formation height of the continuum (line core) of the Fe i line at 617 nm as about 20 km (300 km), and so the assumption of an ideal gas in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) with black body radiation is justified.…”
Section: Appendix B: Conversion Of Hmi Intensity To Temperaturementioning
confidence: 99%
“…We used the Planck function to convert the de-projected continuum intensity maps of HMI to temperature (see, e.g., Beck et al 2012;Valio et al 2020). Norton et al (2006) give the formation height of the continuum (line core) of the Fe i line at 617 nm as about 20 km (300 km), so the assumption of an ideal gas in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) with black body radiation is justified.…”
Section: Appendix B: Conversion Of Hmi Intensity To Temperaturementioning
confidence: 99%