Correlative analysis of plasma and urine neopterin levels in the pre- and post-menopausal women with periodontitis, following nonsurgical periodontal therapy

Abstract

Context:Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition which is distinguished by the devastation of the supported tooth structures. In such inflammatory conditions, some biomarkers such as neopterin will be secreted and elevated in the body fluids, which can be used as a diagnostic marker for the present and future disease activity.Aims:Assessment of the neopterin as a biomarker in inflammatory conditions such as menopause and periodontitis.Settings and Design:A cross-sectional interventional study.Materials and Methods:Sixty female individuals with a mean age of 40–60 years with chronic periodontitis were included in this study. All were categorized into two groups of thirty each, depending on their menstrual history: Group I – thirty premenopausal women and Group II – thirty postmenopausal women. Urine and plasma were collected from both groups to estimate neopterin levels. ELISA kit was used to assess the neopterin levels at baseline and after 3 months of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).Statistical Analysis Used:IBM SPSS version 21 software.Results:A significant depreciation in the mean values of all the parameters from baseline to 3 months (P < 0.001), in the intragroup analysis, was observed. Plasma (0.006) and urine (0.004) reduction was seen.Conclusions:In both the groups, in 3 months after NSPT, decreased neopterin levels were found, suggesting that the NSPT is the definitive therapy. Further, suggesting that, neopterin levels in the plasma and urine can be used as an index to identify the periodontal inflammation and destruction.

Neopterin, the Cell-Mediated Immune Response Biomarker, in Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review of a More than Fifty Years Old Biomarker

“…No study showed significant differences in serum/plasma Np levels between subjects with periodontitis and healthy controls [10,135]. A significant decrease in Np levels was observed in both pre-and post-menopausal women who completed nonsurgical periodontal treatment [53,134], while Heneberk et al [10] did not find a significant difference in the levels before periodontal treatment or when compared with healthy controls.…”

“…Prasanna et al [134] Np levels in urine and serum decreased significantly after periodontal therapy.…”

“…Only two studies [10,44] found a significantly higher ratio of Np to creatinine in urine. Periodontal treatment was associated with a decrease in the Np to creatinine ratio [53,134], while Bodur et al [73] found a significant increase.…”

Neopterin Levels in Periodontitis and after Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy: Evaluation of Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Oral Fluid, Serum and Urinary Samples—A Case-Control Study

“…Np has been studied in periodontitis by several studies in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) [ 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], oral fluid (OF) [ 8 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], serum [ 11 , 17 , 18 ] and urine [ 8 , 13 , 16 , 17 ]. Np was proposed for the monitoring of periodontal disease activity [ 12 ], but the complex evaluation of Np levels in these biologic fluids, including the impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy, is yet to be studied.…”

β2-Microglobulin and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin, Potential Novel Urine Biomarkers in Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japanese

“…A previous study reported that urinary albumin excretion increases in patients with periodontitis, and another study conducted in Korea demonstrated that individuals with albuminuria were likely to exhibit a higher prevalence of periodontitis [13, 14]. Prasanna et al reported that the levels of urine neopterin, which is a marker of cellular immune activation, decrease with periodontal therapy [15]. Urine samples typically contain a lot of biomarkers related to kidney injury, such as albumin (ALB), β 2 -microglobulin ( β 2 -MG), α 1 -microglobulin ( α 1 -MG), N-acetyl- β -D-glucosaminidase (NAG), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), A-megalin (A-Meg), C-megalin (C-Meg), and podocalyxin (PCX).…”