Corrigendum: Fire Responses to the 2010 and 2015/2016 Amazonian Droughts

Silva, Celso; Anderson, Liana O.; Silva, Alindomar L.; Almeida, Catherine Torres de; Dalagnol, Ricardo; Pletsch, Mikhaela Aloísia Jéssie Santos; Penha, Thales Vaz; Paloschi, Rennan Andres; Aragão, Luiz E. O. C.

doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00160

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Our results support findings from other regions of Amazonia that recovery after forest degradation may take decades (Barlow and Peres, 2008), but only if forests remain protected against recurrent fires. Additionally, El Niño and other drought events observed in the Amazon Basin (and in the studied sites) in 1997/1998, 2005, and 2007 (while not a major drought year for all of the Amazon, it seemed to be important for the study region based on the number of fires there: Morton et al, 2013), 2010 and 2015/2016 (Chen et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2017;Silva Junior et al, 2019) can reduce tree growth (Vlam et al, 2014), carbon assimilation and storage, biomass and productivity (Duffy et al, 2015;Feldpausch et al, 2016), promoting tree mortality (Phillips et al, 2009; and ultimately, making fire probability higher. This research was not conducted in prescribed fire experiments; therefore, we do not know the conservation status of these forests before the burnings.…”

Section: Broader Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…100 Pg C in trees (Feldpausch et al, 2012), contribute to global net productivity (Brienen et al, 2015), and affect global climate (Fearnside, 2018). In drought years, forest fires have the potential to turn the Amazon Basin into a net C source (Aragão et al, 2018;Metcalfe et al, 2018;Silva Junior et al, 2019). Fire and drought effects are not restricted to upland forests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Effects on Understory Forest Regeneration in Southern Amazonia

Prestes

Massi

Alves-Silva

et al. 2020

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Fire in tropical forests increases tree mortality, degrades forest structure, and reduces carbon stocks. Currently, there are large gaps in understanding how fire affects understory forest structure and composition, interactions with fire recurrence, and longterm impacts. Understanding these changes is critical to evaluate the present and future response of tropical forests to fire. We studied post-fire changes in understory regeneration in forests in Mato Grosso State, southern Amazonia, Brazil, aiming to answer the following questions: (i) does forest structure (basal area) and tree community composition vary with fire frequency and time since the last fire? (ii) does the response differ among strata (e.g., sapling, larger trees)? (iii) are changes in diversity associated with changes in forest structure? We surveyed trees and lianas in previously structurally intact forests that underwent selective logging, followed by different fire histories, including 5 and 16 years after once-burned, 5 years after three times burned, and unburned (control). Overall, species composition (abundance, richness, and number of families) and diversity were highest for the unburned treatment and lowest for the recurrent burned areas. Fire frequency negatively affected plant structure and basal area; basal area of small, medium, and large plants declined significantly by more than 50% in the most frequently burned areas. Richness was positively related to basal area in the three times burned sites and in the 16 years regenerating site for all strata. Our results demonstrate the negative influence of frequent fires on both the composition and structure of small trees in Amazonian forest. These changes to the cohort of small-sized trees may persist and have long-term impacts on forest structure, affecting the capacity, and direction of forest recovery. With wildfire widespread across the region and increasing in frequency, fire may negatively affect tree diversity in remaining selectively logged forests, and affect regional carbon cycling with consequences for the global vegetation carbon sink.

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Section: Broader Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Effects on Understory Forest Regeneration in Southern Amazonia

Prestes

Massi

Alves-Silva

et al. 2020

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Large and increasing methane emissions from eastern Amazonia derived from satellite data, 2010–2018

et al. 2021

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Abstract. We use a global inverse model, satellite data and flask measurements to estimate methane (CH4) emissions from South America, Brazil and the basin of the Amazon River for the period 2010–2018. We find that emissions from Brazil have risen during this period, most quickly in the eastern Amazon basin, and that this is concurrent with increasing surface temperatures in this region. Brazilian CH4 emissions rose from 49.8 ± 5.4 Tg yr−1 in 2010–2013 to 55.6 ± 5.2 Tg yr−1 in 2014–2017, with the wet season of December–March having the largest positive trend in emissions. Amazon basin emissions grew from 41.7 ± 5.3 to 49.3 ± 5.1 Tg yr−1 during the same period. We derive no significant trend in regional emissions from fossil fuels during this period. We find that our posterior distribution of emissions within South America is significantly and consistently changed from our prior estimates, with the strongest emission sources being in the far north of the continent and to the south and south-east of the Amazon basin, at the mouth of the Amazon River and nearby marsh, swamp and mangrove regions. We derive particularly large emissions during the wet season of 2013/14, when flooding was prevalent over larger regions than normal within the Amazon basin. We compare our posterior CH4 mole fractions, derived from posterior fluxes, to independent observations of CH4 mole fraction taken at five lower- to mid-tropospheric vertical profiling sites over the Amazon and find that our posterior fluxes outperform prior fluxes at all locations. In particular the large emissions from the eastern Amazon basin are shown to be in good agreement with independent observations made at Santarém, a location which has long displayed higher mole fractions of atmospheric CH4 in contrast with other basin locations. We show that a bottom-up wetland flux model can match neither the variation in annual fluxes nor the positive trend in emissions produced by the inversion. Our results show that the Amazon alone was responsible for 24 ± 18 % of the total global increase in CH4 flux during the study period, and it may contribute further in future due to its sensitivity to temperature changes.

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Corrigendum: Fire Responses to the 2010 and 2015/2016 Amazonian Droughts

Cited by 2 publications

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Fire Effects on Understory Forest Regeneration in Southern Amazonia

Fire Effects on Understory Forest Regeneration in Southern Amazonia

Large and increasing methane emissions from eastern Amazonia derived from satellite data, 2010–2018

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