Corrigendum: Rapid and highly sensitive detection of Enterovirus 71 by using nanogold-enhanced electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Abstract

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Development of flexible electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based biosensing platform for rapid screening of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors

“…Such electrical impedance can be determined by applying a small sinusoidal voltage at different frequencies to the S-protein/virus-ACE2-Pd-NTF electrode, followed by measuring the resulting sinusoidal current responses. Moreover, impedance was calculated based on the current-voltage ratio via an effective equivalent Randel’s model derived from the model proposed by Ramanavicius et al (2010) , whereby the charge transfer resistance (R ct ) represented the impedance from the ACE2-spike binding and was equivalent to the effective CPE in Ramanavicius’ model ( Chang et al, 2019a , 2019b ; Cheng et al, 2011 ; Li et al, 2013 ; Ramanavicius et al, 2010 ). Further technical details of this EIS-based biosensing platform were provided in the supplementary section.…”

“…This study reported the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based biosensing techniques for the rapid screening of new therapeutic leads against SARS-CoV-2 infection from the pool of FDA-approved drugs, as a new alternative approach to conventional drug-repurposing approaches. EIS-based biosensing can detect interactions between bio-macromolecules with high sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability ( Li et al, 2013 ; Rocheville et al, 2013 ; Tepeli and Ülkü 2018 ). The use of this technique in the studies of receptor-ligand interactions, drug screening ( Kilic et al, 2018a , 2018b ; Lundstrom 2017 ; Rocheville et al, 2013 ), viral protein detection ( Li et al, 2013 ; Santos et al, 2018 ; Tepeli and Ülkü 2018 ), and cancer diagnosis ( Chang et al, 2019a ) has been increasing.…”

Protein-Protein Interactions: Insight from Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

“…Binding free energy (Δ GB ) of Ank GAG 1D4-Y56A-CA (−31.06 kcal/mol) increased almost two folds as compared to Ank GAG 1D4-CA (−60.38 kcal/mol). The effect of mutating just one amino acid of DARPin could be huge and significant as single point mutation could improve the binding affinity of DARPin for its target [ 44 , 45 ] but it could also cause DARPin to lose its affinity for its target entirely such as Ank GAG 1D4. Substituting tyrosine with alanine at residue 56 Ank GAG 1D4 had altered the binding interactions between Ank GAG 1D4 and CA as favorable inter-molecular contacts reduced within the complex.…”

“…Apart from MD simulations and NTA, binding activity was also validated by the EIS method. EIS offers a highly sensitive and selective technique for most bio-sensor studies involving large biomolecules, such as proteins [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. The detection principle works on measuring changes of electrochemical signals such as charge transfer [ 48 , 49 ], capacitance [ 50 ] or impedance [ 51 , 52 ].…”