trans-Aconitic acid
(TAA) is an unsaturated tricarboxylic acid often found in natural sources
like cane molasses, beet roots, and so forth. Because of potential
applications as plasticizers, biodegradable polyesters for tissue
engineering, acidulants in food processing, wetting agents in surfactants,
and as drugs in neuromedical therapies, its production has got researchers’
attention. Fermentation is the promising and green route for the continuous
production of TAA that could meet industrial demands. However, separation
of biotechnologically produced TAA from fermentation media is a challenging
task. In this work, the effect of diluents on liquid–liquid
extraction of TAA was investigated using six diluents of varied chemical
nature, alcohols (lauryl alcohol and benzyl alcohol), ketones (cyclohexanone
and MIBK), and inactive hydrocarbons (benzene & heptanes) with
tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). The reactive extraction
equilibrium was analyzed using parameters such as distribution coefficient
(K
D), loading ratio (Z > 1), and extraction efficiency (E).The obtained K
D values lies in the range of 0.001–9.483,
whereas maximum extraction achieved was 90.46% in MIBK with TBP 50%
(v/v). In addition, it was also observed that physiochemical parameters
of diluents like dielectric constant (K), dipole
moment (μ), and Dimroth–Reichardt empirical parameter
(E
T) have a significant effect on extraction
efficiency.