Northern peatlands are major global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sinks due to slow decomposition rates which promote long-term accumulation of organic matter. Since the last glaciation, northern peatlands have accumulated between 16 and 18 Pg of terrestrial N (Loisel et al., 2014;Wang et al., 2014). Accumulated N, however, is locked into peat organic biomass until slow microbial decomposition converts it into dissolved inorganic or organic N forms that can be further utilized by plants and microbes. Due to the lack of surface or groundwater input in Sphagnum-dominated bogs, N inputs therefore mainly depend on atmospheric deposition or on biological N 2 fixation, while N exports (denitrification and runoff) are assumed to be small (<30% of N inputs, Limpens et al., 2006). Estimated long-term rates of N accumulation (LORNA) and recent rates of N accumulation (RERNA) in peatlands range from 0.34 to 0.61 g N m −2 y −1 (Loisel et al., 2014) to 1.4-3.2 g N m −2 y −1 (Turunen et al., 2004), respectively. Larger RERNA than LORNA in peatlands has been attributed to increased N deposition since the industrial revolution (Moore et al., 2005), but neither LORNA (Damman, 1978) nor RERNA