Corrigendum to “Equilibrium leaching of selected ultraviolet stabilizers from plastic products” [J. Hazard. Mater. 427 (2022) 128144]

Estimating the Bioaccumulation Potential of Hydrophobic Ultraviolet Stabilizers Using Experimental Partitioning Properties

“…As previously mentioned, competition between partitioning processes and other processes may explain these differences. In addition, there are other aspects to be considered for a better understanding of the environmental behavior of UV stabilizers because large amounts of UV stabilizers are used as plastic additives, and they are likely to leach very slowly from these plastics [ 53 ]. As microplastics have long environmental residence time [ 54 ], they may contribute to the long-range transport of UV stabilizers in the oceans.…”

Effect of Mass Fraction on Leaching Kinetics of Hydrophobic Ultraviolet Stabilizers in Low-Density Polyethylene

“…Detailed information regarding the five UV stabilizers is provided in Table S1. LDPE fibers (radius ∼75 μm; length ∼5 mm) containing the desired mass fractions (i.e., 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 wt %) of the selected UV stabilizers were manufactured using a benchtop extruder (LME, Dynisco Inc., Franklin, MA, USA), as described elsewhere . The LDPE films (thickness = 75 μm; density = 0.94 g cm –3 ) were used to determine the D LDPE of the UV stabilizers in the LDPE fibers.…”

“…In our previous study, the equilibrium concentration of the tested UV stabilizers increased linearly with mass fraction up to 0.5 wt % in LDPE (except for UV531), suggesting the loss of UV stabilizers from LDPE by leaching to the contacting medium and/or by phase separation on the polymer surface due to unfavorable interaction with the PE polymer. 22 Therefore, leaching of the UV stabilizers from the LDPE fibers with ω = 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt % was examined in batch experiments using two solutions: 10 mL ACN/water (4:6, v/v) for proof-of-principle and water. The details of the experiment are given in the Supporting Information, Section S5.…”

“…Herein, the effects of the mass fraction (ω) of five hydrophobic UV stabilizers in LDPE on the leaching kinetics in aquatic environments is evaluated. LDPE was chosen as the model plastic material because phase equilibrium of UV stabilizers between LDPE and water has been well studied 22 and PE is the one of most abundant MP materials in the aquatic environment. 4 The variation of partition coefficients between LDPE and water (K LDPEw ) with different mass fractions and the diffusion coefficients in LDPE (D LDPE ) of the five UV stabilizers are experimentally determined as key parameters by using a leaching model characterized by the mass transfer Biot number.…”

“…According to classical polymer theories, additives can be completely mixed with polymer segments. However, the additives may form a separate phase if their mass fraction in the polymer exceeds a certain point. , Thus, the mass fraction can affect the leaching of plastic additives, particularly when hydrophobic compounds are present at high mass fractions, where a crystal layer covers the polymer surface and the removal of the layer in water would take a long time. Therefore, the leaching kinetics may depend on the mass fraction of the additives, size, and geometry of the MPs.…”