“…The micro-hardness values of the as-welded, PWHT and comb-shaped stress-free samples across the weldments were measured, and these data are summarised in Fig. 9 both the magnitude and shape of the residual stress profile [51,52]. As a result of high heat input and the rapid cooling process of laser welding, the shrinkage and phase transformation effectively occur simultaneously contributing to the M-shaped residual stress profile.…”