Corrigendum to “Measuring fundamental frequencies in local field potentials”
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The coordinated activity between remote brain regions underlies cognition and memory function. Although neuronal oscillations have been proposed as a mechanistic substrate for the coordination of information transfer and memory consolidation during sleep, little is known about the mechanisms that support the widespread synchronization of brain regions and the relationship of neuronal dynamics with other bodily rhythms, such as breathing. Here we address this question using large-scale recordings from a number of structures, including the medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens in mice. We identify a dual mechanism of respiratory entrainment, in the form of an intracerebral corollary discharge that acts jointly with an olfactory reafference to coordinate limbic network dynamics, such as hippocampal ripples and cortical UP and DOWN states, involved in memory consolidation. These results highlight breathing, a perennial rhythmic input to the brain, as an oscillatory scaffold for the functional coordination of the limbic circuit, enabling the segregation and integration of information flow across neuronal networks.Over the past century, cortical and subcortical structures of the limbic circuit and the medial temporal lobe have been identified as critical elements of the memory circuit, involved in emotional regulation and the formation, consolidation, and retrieval of episodic memories 1-3 . Although the anatomical substrate of these circuits has been elaborated in detail, mechanisms that enable the processing and transfer of information across these distributed circuits are not well understood.Neuronal dynamics are characterized by oscillatory activity associated with distinct behavioral states and functional roles 4 . During active states, hippocampal theta oscillations dynamically coordinate local activity and information flow between the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex 5-7 , as well as other limbic structures such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) 8,9 .During slow-wave sleep, the cortex is in a bistable state, characterized by spontaneous alternations between UP and DOWN states in the membrane potential and action potential firing of neurons 10,11 . In parallel, the hippocampal neurons are engaged in transient, fast oscillatory events termed sharp-wave ripples (SWR), during which awake activity is replayed 12 . Such nonlinear dynamics are coordinated between regions 13-15 and their interaction is believed to support memory consolidation 16,17 and the transfer of memories to their permanent cortical storage 18,19 .While the importance and role of the cortical slow oscillation (SO), hippocampal ripples, and their coordination during sleep have been established, the mechanisms that support this coordination across distributed cortical and limbic circuits during sleep remain elusive and a global pacemaker that ties together distinct network dynamics has not been identified. Recently, a number of studies have identified signatures of respiration in the cortical and hippoc...
The coordinated activity between remote brain regions underlies cognition and memory function. Although neuronal oscillations have been proposed as a mechanistic substrate for the coordination of information transfer and memory consolidation during sleep, little is known about the mechanisms that support the widespread synchronization of brain regions and the relationship of neuronal dynamics with other bodily rhythms, such as breathing. Here we address this question using large-scale recordings from a number of structures, including the medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens in mice. We identify a dual mechanism of respiratory entrainment, in the form of an intracerebral corollary discharge that acts jointly with an olfactory reafference to coordinate limbic network dynamics, such as hippocampal ripples and cortical UP and DOWN states, involved in memory consolidation. These results highlight breathing, a perennial rhythmic input to the brain, as an oscillatory scaffold for the functional coordination of the limbic circuit, enabling the segregation and integration of information flow across neuronal networks.Over the past century, cortical and subcortical structures of the limbic circuit and the medial temporal lobe have been identified as critical elements of the memory circuit, involved in emotional regulation and the formation, consolidation, and retrieval of episodic memories 1-3 . Although the anatomical substrate of these circuits has been elaborated in detail, mechanisms that enable the processing and transfer of information across these distributed circuits are not well understood.Neuronal dynamics are characterized by oscillatory activity associated with distinct behavioral states and functional roles 4 . During active states, hippocampal theta oscillations dynamically coordinate local activity and information flow between the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex 5-7 , as well as other limbic structures such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) 8,9 .During slow-wave sleep, the cortex is in a bistable state, characterized by spontaneous alternations between UP and DOWN states in the membrane potential and action potential firing of neurons 10,11 . In parallel, the hippocampal neurons are engaged in transient, fast oscillatory events termed sharp-wave ripples (SWR), during which awake activity is replayed 12 . Such nonlinear dynamics are coordinated between regions 13-15 and their interaction is believed to support memory consolidation 16,17 and the transfer of memories to their permanent cortical storage 18,19 .While the importance and role of the cortical slow oscillation (SO), hippocampal ripples, and their coordination during sleep have been established, the mechanisms that support this coordination across distributed cortical and limbic circuits during sleep remain elusive and a global pacemaker that ties together distinct network dynamics has not been identified. Recently, a number of studies have identified signatures of respiration in the cortical and hippoc...
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