The oxidation potentials of seventeen molecules used as candidate shuttle additives in Li-ion cells were calculated using density functional theory and compared with experiment. The root-mean-square deviation between the calculated and measured oxidation potentials of these seventeen molecules is 0.15 V with the maximum deviation being 0.25 V, indicating that the ab initio calculation is in good agreement with the experiment. Neglecting thermal contributions in the calculation of standard oxidation potentials at ambient conditions does not lead to significant errors. An empirical relation between the oxidation potentials and the orbital energies of these molecules in solution is presented. The oxidation potential of a molecule could be estimated based on the orbital energy of the molecule's highest occupied molecular orbital or its cation's lowest unoccupied molecular orbital in solution with an error less than 0.3 V for most molecules reported.Redox shuttle electrolyte additives in lithium and lithium-ion batteries have been long proposed to protect against the overcharge of cells in series-connected batteries. 1-10 The shuttle molecule has a defined oxidation potential at which it gives an electron to the positive electrodeIt then travels to the negative electrode and the reverse reaction occursThe electron travels between the electrodes in the external circuit. The shuttle molecule S then diffuses back to the positive electrode where Reaction 1 takes place again. The shuttle molecule therefore carries the charging current at a defined potential. In a recent paper, 11 we reported the screening of 58 aromatic organic molecules as chemical shuttle candidates to provide overcharge protection for LiFePO 4 /graphite and LiFePO 4 /Li 4/3 Ti 5/3 O 4 Li-ion cells. It resulted in the successful identification of 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene as a redox shuttle additive to protect against both the overcharge and overdischarge of LiFePO 4 -based Li-ion cells. 12 Meanwhile, in cooperation with the experiment we have systematically performed quantum chemical calculations on the candidate shuttle molecules mainly to evaluate their oxidation potentials. In this paper, we report computational and experimental results for the oxidation potentials for 17 molecules covering four classes of molecules/radicals: 8 aromatic molecules, 3 TEMPO or 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-like radicals, 3 pyridine NO-like molecules, and 3 N-substituted phenothiazine molecules. The agreement between the calculation and experiment is very good. The root-mean-square deviation between the calculated and measured oxidation potentials of these 17 molecules is 0.15 V, with the maximum deviation being 0.25 V. With such a precision, quantum chemical calculation becomes a powerful tool in the processes of searching for new chemical shuttle candidates. We may eliminate those candidates for which the calculated oxidation potentials are out of the desired range. By modifying existing molecules, the redox potentials can be estimated through calcula...