Corrosion and Environmentally-Assisted Cracking of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels

Seifert, Hans-Peter; Hickling, J.; Lister, D. H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-056033-5.00081-1

Cited by 13 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…ASME SA516 grade 70 steel is one of the widely used HSLA steels for service in lower than ambient temperature applications. This steel has high notch toughness and is used in several applications such as boilers, pressure vessels, bridges, wind turbine towers, oil and gas pipelines in which welding is one of the most critical manufacturing process [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallurgical and mechanical properties of laser welded high strength low alloy steel

Oyyaravelu

Kuppan

Natarajan

2016

Journal of Advanced Research

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The study aimed at investigating the microstructure and mechanical properties of Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser welded high strength low alloy (HSLA) SA516 grade 70 boiler steel. The weld joint for a 4 mm thick plate was successfully produced using minimum laser power of 2 kW by employing a single pass without any weld preheat treatment. The micrographs revealed the presence of martensite phase in the weld fusion zone which could be due to faster cooling rate of the laser weldment. A good correlation was found between the microstructural features of the weld joints and their mechanical properties. The highest hardness was found to be in the fusion zone of cap region due to formation of martensite and also enrichment of carbon. The hardness results also showed a narrow soft zone at the heat affected zone (HAZ) adjacent to the weld interface, which has no effect on the weld tensile strength. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the welded joints were 338 MPa and 549 MPa, respectively, which were higher than the candidate metal. These tensile results suggested that the laser welding process had improved the weld strength even without any weld preheat treatment and also the fractography of the tensile fractured samples showed the ductile mode of failure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallurgical and mechanical properties of laser welded high strength low alloy steel

Oyyaravelu

Kuppan

Natarajan

2016

Journal of Advanced Research

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“…Low-carbon and low-alloy steels have been widely used as structural materials due to their excellent engineering properties. However, when these two kinds of construction steels exposed to atmospheric corrosion environment, they are prone to be attacked and corrosion will result in potential safety problems and economic losses [1,2]. Many methods including multi-alloying, coatings and inhibitors have been investigated to decelerate the steel corrosion [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rare Earth (Ce and La) on Steel Corrosion Behaviors under Wet-Dry Cycle Immersion Conditions

Lian

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2020

Metals

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Rare earth (RE) elements are beneficial to improving corrosion properties in low-carbon and low-alloy steels. In this paper, corrosion performance of Q235B steel and Q355B steel samples after RE alloying under wet-dry cycle immersion conditions were analyzed. Experimental results show that corrosion rate was significantly decreased. It was probably due to the grain refinement by RE alloying, which increased the density of protective rust layers and improved corrosion resistance. The formation of small-sized spherical RE inclusions also inhibited the precipitation of MnS and weakened micro galvanic corrosion. Additionally, RE atoms tended to segregate towards grain boundaries and a RE concentration region is formed between rust layers and matrix to impede the access from contacting corrosive ions. A corrosion resistance schematic of RE atom segregation was proposed based on microstructure morphology and element distribution results.

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“…The reactor pressure vessel (RPV) is the most critical component of light water reactors with regard to safety and lifetime [1,2]. Under the simultaneous effect of the reactor coolant, thermo-mechanical operational loads and irradiation, cracks can initiate and grow in the RPV during service by environmentally-assisted cracking (EAC) and thermo-mechanical fatigue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the simultaneous effect of the reactor coolant, thermo-mechanical operational loads and irradiation, cracks can initiate and grow in the RPV during service by environmentally-assisted cracking (EAC) and thermo-mechanical fatigue. Important examples from the field are, e.g., the RPV feedwater nozzle corner cracking by thermo-mechanical fatigue and EAC in boiling water reactors (BWR) [1,2] or the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in RPV penetration and attachment welds in BWRs and pressurized water reactors (PWR) [3,4]. Fabrication-or welding-induced incipient cracks (e.g., hot and relaxation cracks in the cladding or cladding/RPV interface) were observed in few isolated cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of ppb levels of chloride impurities on the stress corrosion crack growth behaviour of low-alloy steels under simulated boiling water reactor conditions

Seifert

Ritter

2016

Corrosion Science

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The effect of chloride on the stress corrosion crack (SCC) growth behaviour in low-alloy reactor pressure vessel steels was evaluated under simulated boiling water reactor conditions. In normal water chemistry environment, ppb-levels of chloride may result in fast SCC after rather short incubation periods of few hours. After moderate and short-term chloride transients, the SCC crack growth rates return to the same very low high-purity water values within few 100 hours. Potential long-term (memory) effects on SCC crack growth cannot be excluded after severe and prolonged chloride transients. The chloride tolerance for SCC in hydrogen water chemistry environment is much higher.

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Corrosion and Environmentally-Assisted Cracking of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Metallurgical and mechanical properties of laser welded high strength low alloy steel

Metallurgical and mechanical properties of laser welded high strength low alloy steel

Effects of Rare Earth (Ce and La) on Steel Corrosion Behaviors under Wet-Dry Cycle Immersion Conditions

The influence of ppb levels of chloride impurities on the stress corrosion crack growth behaviour of low-alloy steels under simulated boiling water reactor conditions

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