Corrosion as a Primary Cause of Cast‐Iron Main Breaks

Fitzgerald, John H.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1968.tb03621.x

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Failure analysis has been performed by a number of different authors on cast iron pipes [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] , but in many cases the emphasis has been on the corrosion aspects of the failure 6,[8][9][10][11][12] , rather than complete examination of the failure process. Other studies have dealt with specific types of failures, including those due to blasting 9 , air pockets 14 and external forces 5,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary analysis of failures in grey cast iron water pipes

Makar

2000

Engineering Failure Analysis

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/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1350-6307(99) [5][6][7][8][9] Engineering Failure Analysis, 7, 1, pp. 43-53, 2000-02-01 A Preliminary analysis of failures in grey cast iron water pipes Makar, J. M. A Preliminary Analysis of Failures in Grey Cast Abstract:Most water utility engineers are familiar with the typical failure modes of grey cast iron pipes such as circumferential breaks and split bells. However, while researchers have examined the forces that are likely responsible for these failures, the failure mechanisms that link those forces with the observed failures have not been thoroughly investigated. Understanding these mechanisms is important for finding ways of detecting damaged pipes and preventing their ultimate failure. This paper presents a failure analysis of five different pipes that show four different failure modes. The analysis suggests that some of these failures occurred in at least two stages, raising the possibility that non-destructive testing could be used to detect pipes that are part way through the failure process. RésuméLa plupart des spécialistes des services publics d'eau connaissent les modes typiques de rupture des conduites en fonte grise, par exemple la rupture annulaire et la cassure de l'embout femelle. Les chercheurs ont étudié les forces qui sont probablement à l'origine de ces ruptures, mais ils n'ont pas examiné en détail la façon dont elles provoquent effectivement les ruptures. Il importe de comprendre ces mécanismes pour trouver des manières de déceler les conduites endommagées et empêcher leur rupture finale. Ce document analyse quatre modes de rupture de cinq conduites. L'analyse porte à croire que certaines de ces ruptures se sont produites en au moins deux étapes, ce qui permet de penser qu'on pourrait recourir aux essais non destructifs pour déceler les conduites qui sont à mi-chemin dans le processus de rupture.2 Introduction:

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary analysis of failures in grey cast iron water pipes

Makar

2000

Engineering Failure Analysis

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“…In the case of white iron, a small amount of graphite is present on the outer wall of the pipes. The initial corrosion leads to a graphitic film which then prevents, or reduces to a negligible rate, any further corrosion (Fitzgerald 1968). The change to manufacturing announced in 1941 led to the elimination of the formation of white iron and hence a more consistent type and distribution of graphite (AIS 1941).…”

Section: Correlation With Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As the pipes are all of the same material, cast iron, then some aspect of manufacturing of installation must have adversely affected service life. An exponential degradation model has been widely used throughout the literature, including Fitzgerald (1968), Shamir et al (1979), Tsui and Judd (1991) and Kleiner et al (1999). For both groups, an exponential model was assumed to represent pipe degradation.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding failure rates in cast iron pipes using temporal stratification

Silinis

Franks

2007

Urban Water Journal

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The need for proactive replacement schedules in the management of water supply infrastructure is highlighted by the ever-increasing cost of reactive repairs. Proactive replacement schedules require models of asset performance, and, in turn, these models require appropriate stratifications of the data in order to produce subgroups that are expected to behave uniformly over time. This paper outlines a new approach to determine relevant temporal stratifications through an examination of historical performance. This represents a novel alternative to current practice where stratification regimes are identified using a priori knowledge of criteria deemed relevant. A key advantage of using the actual break histories to identify appropriate stratifications lies in the ability to identify changes in behaviour that may not be reflected in a priori criteria. In an example using Hunter Water Corporation break data a significant change is discovered and found not to correlate with previously hypothesised partition criteria. A possible cause for the change in behaviour is suggested.

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“…Many authors have performed failure analysis of grey cast iron pipes in water and wastewater environments [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], and corrosion behavior of low alloy steel in similar environments [20][21][22][23][24]. However, nothing was found in the literature on the investigation of these materials in cocoa liquor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Corrosion Behaviour of Grey Cast Iron and Low Alloy Steel in Cocoa Liquor and Well Water

Olawale¹,

Odusote²,

Rabiu³

et al. 2013

JMMCE

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Corrosion behaviour of cast iron and low alloy steel in cocoa liquor and well water was investigated. The average weight losses of the specimens were measured using digital weighing balance. The results showed that the weight losses of both cast iron and low alloy steel in both media increases with time. Corrosion rate of cast iron in cocoa liquor increases rapidly with time for up to 336 hours (1000 µm/yr), but in well water the rapid rate of corrosion only lasted up to 187 hours (1160 µm/yr) thereafter it continuously dropping until 264 hours (667 µm/yr) after which it remains constant. Low alloy steel corroded faster in cocoa liquor up to 264 hours (200 µm/yr), whereas the initial rapid corrosion rate only lasted up to 168 hours (180 µm/yr) in well water environment. The results revealed that low alloy steel exhibited better corrosion resistance in both media, with cocoa liquor been more aggressive. Thus, low alloy steel will be a better material for piping and pumping system in cocoa processing industries.

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Corrosion as a Primary Cause of Cast‐Iron Main Breaks

Abstract: This article outlines the corrosion process with emphasis on cast iron pipe. Data are cited to show the relationship between breaks and known corrosion phenomena. Finally, recommendations for corrosion control and hence a reduction of main breaks are discussed.

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

A preliminary analysis of failures in grey cast iron water pipes

A preliminary analysis of failures in grey cast iron water pipes

Understanding failure rates in cast iron pipes using temporal stratification

Evaluation of Corrosion Behaviour of Grey Cast Iron and Low Alloy Steel in Cocoa Liquor and Well Water

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