Corrosion behavior and surface properties of mild steel in aqueous citrate solutions

Dong

et al. 2023

EcoMat

Sodium‐ion battery (SIB) is considered as a revolutionary technology toward large‐scale energy storage applications. Developing cost‐effective cathode material as well as economical synthesis procedure is a key challenge for its commercialization. Herein, we develop a facile and economic strategy to simultaneously remove rust from the surface of carbon steel and achieve porous and hollow spherical Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7/C (HS‐NFPP/C). Benefiting from the desirable structure that fastens the electronic/ionic transportation and effectively accommodates the volume expansion/contraction during discharge/charge process, the as‐prepared cathode exhibits outstanding rate capability and ultralong cycle life. An extraordinarily high‐power density of 32.3 kW kg−1 with an ultrahigh capacity retention of 89.7% after 10 000 cycles are achieved. More significantly, the 3 Ah HC||HS‐NFPP/C full battery manifests impressive cycling stability. Therefore, this work provides an economical and sustainable approach for the massive production of high‐performance Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 cathode, which can be potentially commercialized toward SIB applications.image

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Citric acid can not only be used as the carbon source for the subsequent synthesis of HS-NFPP/C, but also act as a passivator on the surface of carbon steel to prevent its further corrosion, which has been demonstrated in previous works. 26,27 After the removal of rust layer, the flat and clean steel surface reappears.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“One stone two birds” design for hollow spherical Na₄Fe₃(PO₄)₂P₂O₇/C cathode enabled high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries from iron rust

Dong

et al. 2023

EcoMat

“…The dominant corrosion product was Fe 3+ . Pehkonen et al [72] analyzed the corrosion behavior of stainless steel in peracetic acid and ozone. It was concluded that stainless steel experiences higher corrosion rates in peracetic acid solution than ozone.…”

Section: Effects Of Formic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Organic Acids and Related Organic Compounds on Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel—A Critical Review

Abbas,

Adesina,

Suleiman

2023

Metals

Stainless steel is one of the most commonly used structural materials in industry for the transportation of liquids such as water, acids, and organic compounds. Corrosion is a major concern in industry due to the use of strong mineral acids, feedstock contamination, flow, aqueous environments, and high temperatures. Stainless steel is the most commonly used material in the petrochemical industry because of its characteristics of self-protectiveness, offered by thin passive oxides, and its metallurgical composition. However, chlorides and mineral acids attack the stainless steel continuously, consequently breaking down the passivation film, causing a continuous challenge from corrosion. The corrosion in stainless steel is influenced by many factors including flow rate, temperature, pressure, ethanol concentration, and chloride ion content. This review describes the impact of organic compounds and organic acids on the degradation behavior of stainless steel. The review also summarizes the commonly used organic compounds and their applications. It has been demonstrated that organic acid concentration, temperature, and halide impurities have significant effects on susceptibility to pitting corrosion by damaging the passivation film. The phenomenon of corrosion in stainless steel is quite different in immersion tests and electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization. This review article discusses the importance of organic compounds and their corrosion behavior on steel. The article also puts emphasis on the roles of corrosion inhibitors, monitoring methods, corrosion management, and forms of corrosion.

“…Additives serve several functions, including extending the deposit's length, enhancing its brightness, reducing the grain size, improving the electrolyte's dispersion ability, increasing current density and promoting a flatter deposit [4]. Traditional additives used in the cobalt electrodeposition process include 1-4 butynediol [5], citrate [6,7], glycine [8], sodium dodecyl sulfate and saccharin [9]. In comparison to these traditional additives, rare earth elements can act as inducers, characteristic adsorbents, conductors and nucleating agent during the metal deposition process [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of lanthanum chloride on the electrocrystallization behavior of cobalt and grain refinement in deposition layers

Xu,

peng,

Dai

et al. 2023

Preprint

This study investigates the effect of different concentrations of lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) on the grain refinement of cobalt deposition layers during the electrochemical deposition process in industrial electrolytes. The impact of different LaCl3 concentrations on cobalt electrodeposition behavior was analyzed using the Liner sweep voltammetry curve (LSV), Cyclic voltammetry curve (CV), and Chronoamperometry curve (CA). The microstructure morphology and grain size of the deposition layers were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy and the preferred orientation and crystal structure were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The results show that the addition of different concentrations of LaCl3 to the industrial electrolyte leads to a negative shift in the starting deposition potential of cobalt, an increase in cathode polarization degree, an increase in overpotential, a shortened nucleation relaxation time tm and an accelerated nucleation rate during cobalt electrodeposition, resulting in grain refinement of the deposition layers. However, the addition of LaCl3 does not change the cobalt electrocrystallization mechanism, nor does it alter the crystal structure of the cobalt deposition layers, which remain in a close-packed hexagonal structure (HCP). When 0.2 g/L LaCl3 is added, the grain growth orientation changes from the (11\(\stackrel{\text{-}}{\text{2}}\)0) plane to the (11\(\stackrel{\text{-}}{\text{2}}\)0) and (10\(\stackrel{\text{-}}{\text{1}}\)0) planes, resulting in a uniform distribution of grain size and obvious grain refinement of the deposition layers.