Corrosion behaviour of WC hardmetals with nickel-based binders

Rocha, A.M. Ferro; Bastos, A.C.; Cardoso, J.; Rodrigues, F; Fernandes, C.M.; Soares, Eduardo Costa Studart; Sacramento, J.; Senos, A.M.R.; Ferreira, M.G.S.

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2018.11.015

Cited by 75 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Mechanical properties of WC cermets are greatly affected by the volume ratio between the metal and WC phases and the size of the carbide grains 8,9 . Cobalt (Co) is typically used as the metal matrix in WC cermets for high strength applications, but nickel (Ni) is a common substitute as it is less magnetic, exhibits greater corrosion and oxidation resistance, and possesses comparable mechanical properties 10,11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 Cobalt (Co) is typically used as the metal matrix in WC cermets for high strength applications, but nickel (Ni) is a common substitute as it is less magnetic, exhibits greater corrosion and oxidation resistance, and possesses comparable mechanical properties. 10,11 Many processes can produce WC-Ni composites, but only a few are proven at the industrial level as challenges include economic considerations, powder properties, and powder processability. Bulk WC-Ni parts are typically fabricated using liquid phase sintering techniques where WC and Ni powders are pressed and shaped to the desired geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process development for the laser powder bed fusion of WC‐Ni Cermets using sintered‐agglomerated powder

Jimenez

Reeja‐Jayan

Beuth

2022

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Although ceramic particle-metal matrix materials (i.e., cermets) can offer superior performance, manufacturing these materials via conventional means is difficult compared to the manufacturing of metal alloys. This study leverages the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process to additively manufacture dense tungsten carbide (WC)-17 wt.% nickel (Ni) composite specimens using novel spherical, sintered-agglomerated composite powder. A range of processing parameters yielding high-density specimens was discovered using a sequential series of experiments comprised of single bead, multi-layer, and cylindrical builds. Cylinders with a relative density >99% were fabricated and characterized in terms of microstructure, chemical composition, and hardness. Scanning electron microscopy images show favorable wetting between the Ni binder and carbide particles without any phase segregation and laser processing increased the average carbide particle size. Energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction analyses detected traces of secondary products after laser processing.For samples processed at high energy densities, complex carbides and carbon agglomerate phases were detected. The maximum hardness of 60.38 Rockwell C is achieved in the printed samples. The successful builds in this study open the way for LPBF of dense WC-Ni parts with a large workable laser power-laser velocity processing window.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process development for the laser powder bed fusion of WC‐Ni Cermets using sintered‐agglomerated powder

Jimenez

Reeja‐Jayan

Beuth

2022

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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“…Although it is not a prime requirement of cemented carbides, corrosion resistance is important in various applications of cemented carbides especially in the chemical and petroleum industry where the parts are exposed to an aggressive environment [8,9]. Due to excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance, Ni-based cemented carbides can find an advantage in several applications such as wear-resistant parts for pumps, cutting tools in contact with emulsions, elements subjected to organic compounds, or choke valves [10][11][12][13][14][15]. For example, choke valves are exposed to a highly erosive and corrosive environment where the acid is transported back through the whole production system with the production stream [11][12][13][14][15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance, Ni-based cemented carbides can find an advantage in several applications such as wear-resistant parts for pumps, cutting tools in contact with emulsions, elements subjected to organic compounds, or choke valves [10][11][12][13][14][15]. For example, choke valves are exposed to a highly erosive and corrosive environment where the acid is transported back through the whole production system with the production stream [11][12][13][14][15]. The effects during abrasion or erosion processes are enhanced by electrochemical corrosion and, therefore, corrosion resistance is meaningful criteria in the selection of cemented carbide products in oil and gas production or a similar environment [5,10,11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, Ni-bonded cemented carbides with ultra-fine or nano-scaled WC grains can also have good surface roughness with a mirror appearance, high hardness, and strength [1,4]. Thus, production of ductile and dense composites while having similar mechanical properties as common WC-Co grades can be achieved with the Ni binder and near nano and nano WC powders [2,12].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Corrosion Resistance of Ni and Co Bonded Near-Nano and Nanostructured Cemented Carbides

Fabijanić

Kurtela

Škrinjarić

et al. 2020

Metals

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The advantages of nanostructured cemented carbides are a uniform, homogenous microstructure and superior, high uniform mechanical properties, which makes them the best choice for wear-resistant applications. Wear-resistant applications in the chemical and petroleum industry, besides mechanical properties, require corrosion resistance of the parts. Co as a binder is not an optimal solution due to selective dissolution in an acidic environment. Thus, the development of cemented carbides with alternative binders to increase the corrosion resistance but still retaining mechanical properties is of common interest. Starting mixtures with WC powder, grain growth inhibitors GGIs; VC and Cr3C2, and an identical binder amount of 11-wt.% were prepared. GGIs were added to retain the size of the starting WC powder in the sintered samples. The parameters of the powder metallurgy process were adapted, and samples have been successfully consolidated. A very fine homogeneous microstructure with relatively uniform grain-size distribution and without microstructural defects in the form of carbide agglomerates and abnormal grain growth was achieved for both Ni-bonded and Co-bonded samples. Achieved mechanical properties, Vickers hardness, and Palmqvist toughness, of Ni-bonded near-nanostructured cemented carbides are slightly lower but still comparable to Co-bonded nanostructured cemented carbides. Two samples of each grade were researched by different electrochemical direct current corrosion techniques. The open circuit potential Ecorr, the linear polarisation resistance (LPR), the Tafel extrapolation method, and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at room temperature in the solution of 3.5% NaCl. From the carried research, it was found that chemical composition of the binder significantly influenced the electrochemical corrosion resistance. Better corrosion resistance was observed for Ni-bonded samples compared to Co-bonded samples. The corrosion rate of Ni-bonded cemented carbides is approximately four times lower compared to Co-bonded cemented carbides.

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Effect of WC Particle Size on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of WC‐10CoCrFeNiAl Composites

Hui,

Sun,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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The present study focuses on the synthesis of three distinct WC‐HEA hard alloys using the SPS method, employing three different grades of tungsten carbide with varying particle sizes. Subsequently, an investigation was conducted to analyze the influence of WC particle size on the microstructure and properties of WC‐10CoCrFeNiAl hard alloys. Additionally, the dual‐scale WC‐10CoCrFeNiAl hard alloy was synthesized through a combination of two distinct WC particles, and an investigation was conducted to assess the influence of small particle size WC addition content on both the microstructure and properties of this advanced alloy. The results indicate that a reduction in the particle size of WC leads to an increase in hardness, while exhibiting a non‐monotonic change in fracture toughness of WC‐10CoCrFeNiAl hard alloy. The presence of smaller WC particles promotes the formation of N7C3 and η phase (M3W9C4), which compromises its toughness while simultaneously enhancing its hardness. The mechanical properties are optimized when the particle size of WC is approximately 1μm (HV30:17.96 GPa, KIC:12.3 MPa.m1/2). Investigation on the dual‐scale WC‐10CoCrFeNiAl hard alloy further reveals that the incorporation of fine WC particles significantly enhances hardness while compromising fracture toughness. When the content of small particle WC reaches 25 wt.%, the mechanical properties of the dual‐scale hard alloy are optimized (HV30:18.8 GPa, KIC:11.1 MPa.m1/2).This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Corrosion behaviour of WC hardmetals with nickel-based binders

Cited by 75 publications

References 43 publications

Process development for the laser powder bed fusion of WC‐Ni Cermets using sintered‐agglomerated powder

Process development for the laser powder bed fusion of WC‐Ni Cermets using sintered‐agglomerated powder

Electrochemical Corrosion Resistance of Ni and Co Bonded Near-Nano and Nanostructured Cemented Carbides

Effect of WC Particle Size on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of WC‐10CoCrFeNiAl Composites

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