Corrosion by Sulphur

Young, David J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100101-1.00008-x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…S is also the element, which might cause intergranular corrosion. As metal sulfides are very different from the corresponding oxides, corrosion by sulfur is generally much more rapid . Specifically, as the sulfide ion is much larger than the oxide, the cation/anion radius ratios in metal oxides are smaller than in the corresponding sulfides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As metal sulfides are very different from the corresponding oxides, corrosion by sulfur is generally much more rapid. 24 Specifically, as the sulfide ion is much larger than the oxide, the cation/anion radius ratios in metal oxides are smaller than in the corresponding sulfides. The difference in anion size leads also to M−S bond lengths longer than the corresponding M− O distances.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of Surface Deposits on Steel and Titanium Aviation Fuel Tubes under Real Operating Conditions

et al. 2019

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In this study, stainless steel and titanium (Ti) tubes obtained from a turbofan engine after the end of its lifetime were analyzed in order to compare the amount of pyrolytic coke present and its influence on the parent, base material. Various analytical techniques including microhardness and topographical evaluations, optical emission spectrometry (OES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied. On steel surfaces, a thick pyrolytic coke deposition layer consisting of carbon and oxygen and also containing elements from the tube material, fuel, and fuel additives was found. The concentration of elements from the pyrolytic coke continuously decreased with distance from the surface of the deposit, while the concentrations of elements from the tube material continuously increased, with the concentrations of elements from the fuel and the fuel additives being relatively constant. With ultrasonic cleaning in distilled water, most of the deposits could be removed. Only carbon-rich patches with a thickness of more than 300 nm remained adhered to the surface and/or had diffused into the original material. On Ti surfaces, the thickness of the C-rich fuel deposit layer was significantly thinner as compared to that on the stainless steel; however, the surface was covered with an ∼3 μm-thick oxide layer, which consisted of elements from the fuel additives. It is believed that the beneficial properties of Ti covered with a thin layer of TiO 2 , such as low adhesion and/or surface energy, have promoted different deposition mechanisms compared to those of stainless steel and thus prevented pyrolytic coke deposition and the related material deterioration observed on stainless steel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Surface Deposits on Steel and Titanium Aviation Fuel Tubes under Real Operating Conditions

et al. 2019

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“…SO 3 in the gas maintains acidic conditions at the melt surface pulling the basic corrosion products towards the acidic melt surface where they precipitate as sulphates. 2,3 Chlorides lower melting points of sulphates and cause rapid oxidation of the steel by active oxidation where chlorine breaks the steels oxide scale and reacts with the steel forming metal chlorides. These chlorides are pulled towards the scale surface due to their high vapour pressures, where they precipitate as porous oxide scale releasing chlorine for the active oxidation cycle.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…18 Nickel also affects the activities of chromium and iron on the steel surface. 2,19 High chromium steels develop a Cr 2 O 3 scale that is overlaid by FeCr 2 O 4 spinel. Increasing Ni/Fe ratio decreases the steels iron activity thus reducing iron solubility in Cr 2 O 3 and retarding FeCr 2 O 4 formation.…”

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Influence of nickel alloying on hot corrosion of stainless steels in SO₂-environment

Viitala¹,

Taskinen

2016

Materials Science and Technology

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Flue dust produced by copper flash smelting causes problems by forming corrosive melts on the walls of heat recovery boiler used to recover the process heat value and to separate flue dust from SO 2 -rich gas, derived from smelting sulphidic copper ore, before manufacture of sulphuric acid. The corrosion phenomena of molybdenum containing low and high nickel stainless steels AISI 316 and Sanicro 28 were studied by simulating the conditions prevailing in the heat recovery boiler in laboratory in the temperature range of 250-350°C. ZnCl 2 in copper smelter flue dust resulted in partial melting of the deposit containing sulphates and oxides of copper, zinc, arsenic, iron and lead, which increased the rate of corrosion dramatically. Chlorination of the steel was the dominant corrosion mechanism. The high nickel steel corroded more than low nickel steel due to reactivity of nickel under molten sulphates.

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Type-I Hot Corrosion of Ni-Base Superalloy CM247LC in Presence of Molten Na2SO4 Film

Kumawat

Parlikar

Alam

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans A

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Type-I hot corrosion behavior of CM247LC superalloy is evaluated in the air at 950°C against low (3 to 4), intermediate (7 to 9), and high (12 to 14 mg cm À2) Na 2 SO 4 deposits. Duration of thermal exposure is varied from a very short duration of 5 minutes to long duration of 1000 hours. The alloy shows poor corrosion resistance and undergoes complete disintegration after 500 hours of thermal exposure. Degradation of alloy increases with the increase in the duration of exposure as well as the initially deposited amount of the salt. Based on the systematic analysis of the corrosion scale, degradation mechanisms supported by the microstructural evidence are proposed. Fluxing, sulfidation-oxidation, and sulfide-undercutting are reported as the primary degradation mechanisms for CM247LC alloy in the presence of Na 2 SO 4. Self-sustaining degradation of alloy leading to complete disintegration of specimen is caused by the changeover of fluxing mechanism from basic fluxing to alloy-induced fluxing.

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Corrosion by Sulphur

Cited by 5 publications

References 139 publications

Formation of Surface Deposits on Steel and Titanium Aviation Fuel Tubes under Real Operating Conditions

Formation of Surface Deposits on Steel and Titanium Aviation Fuel Tubes under Real Operating Conditions

Influence of nickel alloying on hot corrosion of stainless steels in SO₂-environment

Type-I Hot Corrosion of Ni-Base Superalloy CM247LC in Presence of Molten Na2SO4 Film

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Corrosion by Sulphur

Cited by 5 publications

References 139 publications

Formation of Surface Deposits on Steel and Titanium Aviation Fuel Tubes under Real Operating Conditions

Formation of Surface Deposits on Steel and Titanium Aviation Fuel Tubes under Real Operating Conditions

Influence of nickel alloying on hot corrosion of stainless steels in SO2-environment

Type-I Hot Corrosion of Ni-Base Superalloy CM247LC in Presence of Molten Na2SO4 Film

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Influence of nickel alloying on hot corrosion of stainless steels in SO₂-environment