Corrosion Control by Deposition of CaC03 Films: Part 1, A Practical Approach for Plant Operators

Merrill, Douglas T.; Sanks, Robert L.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1977.tb06828.x

Cited by 40 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Since these deposit characteristics essentially determine important properties of the deposits, such as thermal conductivity, compactness, and propensity for removal, it is of high priority to systematically investigate the morphological features of CaCO 3 deposits, formed under well-controlled conditions. Such an investigation may also contribute to a better understanding of the formation of a uniform and tenacious calcite layer in potable water lines, a technique proposed for corrosion protection. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Structure of CaCO₃ Scale Layers Formed under Isothermal Flow Conditions

1997

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The morphology and the growth pattern of calcium carbonate deposits formed on inner pipe surfaces, under turbulent flow, are studied. At temperatures below 30 °C, and for relatively high supersaturations, quite compact calcite layers are obtained, consisting of crystals growing nearly perpendicularly to the substrate surface in a columnar pattern. For small supersaturations (i.e., below a critical value S c ∼ 7), the deposition rate is drastically reduced and large isolated crystals are formed. At temperatures above 30 °C, rather weak dendritic aragonite patterns are dominant. The removal of magnesium from the tap water (used in the tests) results in the formation of all three polymorphs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Structure of CaCO₃ Scale Layers Formed under Isothermal Flow Conditions

1997

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“…The reactive components were assumed to be water (H 2 O), hydrogen ions (H + ), hydroxyl ions (OH − ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ), bicarbonate ions (HCO 3 − ), carbonate ions (CO 3 2− ), and calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) [5,17].…”

Section: Control Algorithm and Computing Chemical Dosagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CCPP is defined as the quantity of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) that can be theoretically precipitated from oversaturated waters or dissolved by undersaturated waters during equilibration. The CCPP is negative for undersaturated waters, zero for saturated waters and positive for oversaturated waters [5,[16][17][18][19], and is a parameter that quantifies the mass of CaCO 3 and the index best suited to describe CaCO 3 precipitation and dissolution [5,20]. The CCPP can be calculated from the pH, alkalinity, calcium hardness, TDS Korean J. Chem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of corrosive water in advanced water treatment plant by manipulating calcium carbonate precipitation potential

Kim

Cha

Hong

et al. 2009

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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The corrosion of metal pipes in water distribution networks is a complex electrochemical and physicochemical phenomenon between a metal surface and corrosive water. The level of corrosion in water distribution systems was controlled by manipulating the calcium carbonate precipitation potential (CCPP) concentration, and the corrosive water quality was controlled in two steps within the advanced water treatment plant (AWTP) constructed at the Institute of Water Quality Research (IWQR), Busan Metropolitan City, Korea. The 1 st control step was located before a coagulation process included on a rapid mixer, and the 2 nd control step was located after a biological activated carbon (BAC) process. The capacity of the AWTP in IWQR was 80 m 3 /day. The CCPP concentration was controlled from the calcium hardness, alkalinity, and pH by adding calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the above two steps. A CCPP control system was installed and operated according to the developed algorithm to maintain a CCPP range of 0-4 mg/L. The CCPP range was reasonably controlled to induce the formation of a CaCO 3 film on the surface of the simulated water distribution system (SWDS). From the result of the corrosive water control, the CCPP formed greater than 0.0 mg/L. The crystalloid structure of the scale produced by CCPP control in the inner surface of pipe was zinc carbonate hydroxide hydrate (Zn 4 CO 3 (OH) 6 ·H 2 O).

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“…For example, in a study of homes in Seattle, water from piping five years and older had an average lead concentration of 6 pg/L, compared with 70 pg/L for piping <18 months old (stone et al, 1982). This temporal pattern of corrosion is related to the formation of scale and other inactive sur-faces on the inside of piping, a process that is enhanced by large concentrations of calcium and alkalinity (lves and Rawson, 1962;Merrill and Sanks, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Mobilization From Water-Distribution Systems of Buildings Serviced by Lead-Pipe Mains

Moir¹,

Freedman²,

McCurdy³

1996

Canadian Water Resources Journal

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Studies were made of the mobilization of metals from the water-distribution systems within several types of buildings, many of which are serviced by old leadpipe mains, in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The study examined 36 single-family houses, three apaftments in a high-rise building, and one school. ln many homes, water that stood in pipes overnight developed relatively large concentrations of copper, lead, and zinc. In total,TQ'h of the standing water from single-family homes had lead concentrations exceeding the 0.01 mg/L criterion for lead in drinking water.The 30 single{amily homes serviced by municipal mains made of lead did not have significantly larger lead concentrations than the six homes serviced by other types of piping. This suggests that the source of lead in drinking water is metal dissolving from the water-distribution systems within the homes, rather than from the lead service lines. R6sum6Une 6tude a 6t6 faite sur la mobilisation des m6taux d partir des systdmes de distribution d'eau, dans divers types d'6difices d Halifax en Nouvelle-Ecosse, oit de nombreaux 6difices sont desservis par d'anciennes conduites d'eau en plomb.Cette 6tude a examin6 36 maisons unifamiliales, trois appartements dans un immeuble, et deux 6coles. Dans de nombreuses maisons, l'eau stagnants dans les tuyaux pendant la nuit a acquis des concentrations relativement importantes en cuivre, plomb et zinc. Au total, dans 7O"/" des maisons unifamiliales, ces eaux stagnantes avaient des concentrations en plomb exc6dant le critdre pour les eaux potables (0,01 mg/L). Les 30 maisons unifamiliales desservies par des conduites municipales en plomb n'ont pas mont16 de concentration en plomb significativement plus 6lev66 que les 6 autres maisons desservies par d'autres types de conduites. Ceci suggdre que le plomb d6cel6 dans l'eau potable provient du m6tal se dissolvant apartir des tuyaux d'eau dans la maison elle-m6me plut6t qu'd paftir de la conduite municipale.

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Corrosion Control by Deposition of CaC03 Films: Part 1, A Practical Approach for Plant Operators

Abstract: This is the first of three presentations conceived to im prove the operator's understanding of the process of pipe protection by calcium carbonate precipitation.

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

Morphology and Structure of CaCO₃ Scale Layers Formed under Isothermal Flow Conditions

Morphology and Structure of CaCO₃ Scale Layers Formed under Isothermal Flow Conditions

Control of corrosive water in advanced water treatment plant by manipulating calcium carbonate precipitation potential

Metal Mobilization From Water-Distribution Systems of Buildings Serviced by Lead-Pipe Mains

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Corrosion Control by Deposition of CaC03 Films: Part 1, A Practical Approach for Plant Operators

Abstract: This is the first of three presentations conceived to im prove the operator's understanding of the process of pipe protection by calcium carbonate precipitation.

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

Morphology and Structure of CaCO3 Scale Layers Formed under Isothermal Flow Conditions

Morphology and Structure of CaCO3 Scale Layers Formed under Isothermal Flow Conditions

Control of corrosive water in advanced water treatment plant by manipulating calcium carbonate precipitation potential

Metal Mobilization From Water-Distribution Systems of Buildings Serviced by Lead-Pipe Mains

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Product

Resources

About

Morphology and Structure of CaCO₃ Scale Layers Formed under Isothermal Flow Conditions

Morphology and Structure of CaCO₃ Scale Layers Formed under Isothermal Flow Conditions