“…Noble metal oxides (e.g., RuO 2 and IrO 2 ), mixed metal clusters and transition metal layered double hydroxides exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity for OER. 49,50 However, the high cost of the metal precursors, poor catalytic activity, high overpotential, and poor stability of the catalyst highlight the need to develop better catalysts. In this regard, earth-abundant non-noble metals (Ni, Co, Fe and Cu) and their related single atom catalysts (SACs), 51,52 hydroxides, 53 phosphides/phosphates, 54,55 MOFs, 56 nano-clusters 57 and inorganic hybrids 58,59 are being investigated as an electrocatalyst for OER.…”