Corrosion Mechanisms of High-Mn Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steels: A Critical Review

Abstract

Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels have higher strength and ductility than conventional steels. Deformation mechanisms producing twins that prevent gliding and stacking of dislocations cause a higher ductility than that of steel grades with the same strength. TWIP steels are considered to be within the new generation of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). However, some aspects, such as the corrosion resistance and performance in service of TWIP steel materials, need more research. Application of TWIP steels in the automotive industry requires a proper investigation of corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanisms, which would indicate the optimum degree of protection and the possible decrease in costs. In general, Fe−Mn-based TWIP steel alloys can passivate in oxidizing acid, neutral, and basic solutions, however they cannot passivate in reducing acid or active chloride solutions. TWIP steels have become as a potential material of interest for automotive applications due to their effectiveness, impact resistance, and negligible harm to the environment. The mechanical and corrosion performance of TWIP steels is subjected to the manufacturing and processing steps, like forging and casting, elemental composition, and thermo-mechanical treatment. Corrosion of TWIP steels caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors has posed a serious problem for their use. Passivity breakdown caused by pitting, and galvanic corrosion due to phase segregation are widely described and their critical mechanisms examined. Numerous studies have been performed to study corrosion behavior and passivation of TWIP steel. Despite the large number of articles on corrosion, few comprehensive reports have been published on this topic. The current trend for development of corrosion resistance TWIP steel is thoroughly studied and represented, showing the key mechanisms and factors influencing corrosion processes, and its consequences on TWIP steel. In addition, suggestions for future works and gaps in the literature are considered.

Hydrogen embrittlement of twinning-induced plasticity steels: Contribution of segregation to twin boundaries

“…Since HE and corrosion mechanisms are interrelated [39], we immersed the sample into deionized water for 5 minutes. Supplementary Fig.…”

Improving Mechanical Properties of a Forged High-Manganese Alloy by Regulating Carbon Content and Carbide Precipitation

“…As a metastable phase, the FCC phase will induce martensitic transformation when subjected to an external load, and the phase transformation can induce plasticity, which is a TRIP effect [13,18]. While maintaining the TRIP effect, twinninginduced plasticity of high-manganese steel will occur, due to the higher Mn content, which is a TWIP effect [8,[19][20][21][22]. The experimental results show that the tensile strength reaches 900 MPa and ductility is increased by about 60% compared with high-strength steel.…”

“…Since its discovery by Robert Hadfield [3] in 1888, high-manganese TWIP steel has become one of the most attractive materials for industrial applications due to its combination of strength and ductility. High-manganese steel [4][5][6][7][8][9] has excellent wear resistance in the face of high pressure and strong impact conditions. It has been widely used in metallurgy, mining, building materials, railways, electric power, coal-mining, and other machinery and equipment for a long time.…”

Effect of Thermo-Mechanical Processing on the Corrosion Behavior of Fe−30Mn−5Al−0.5C TWIP Steel

“…Due to their impact resistance, effectiveness, and low environmental impact, TWIP steels have become of major interest in the automotive industry. However, the corrosion of TWIP steels presents a significant hurdle for their practical use [20][21][22].…”