Corrosion of Copper and Lead by Formaldehyde, Formic and Acetic Acid Vapours

Tétreault, Jean; Cano, E.; Bommel, Maarten R. van; Scott, David A.; Dennis, Megan Y.; Barthés-Labrousse, M.-G.; Minel, L.; Robbiola, Luc

doi:10.1179/sic.2003.48.4.237

Cited by 102 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is well known that malachite and azurite are not stable in fresco, and that they tend to discolour in oil [50]. Studies on metallic copper exposed to a museum-like environment demonstrated its sensitivity to organic acids, including from the binder, so that Cu(II) compounds are always formed [107][108][109][110]. More details on the reactivity of copper salts in acidic conditions are given for each pigment in the next sections.…”

Section: Copper (Z = 29)mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the stability of mediaeval inorganic pigments: a literature review of the effect of climate, material selection, biological activity, analysis and conservation treatments

2017

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This review is to be considered part of the development of the MEMORI dosimeter, to evaluate the impact of climate (relative humidity, temperature, illumination, etc., including volatile organic compounds) on moveable objects. In the framework of the MEMORI project, Ghent University was given the task to assess pigment degradation upon acetic acid exposure, and to collect information on pigments' stability. Moreover, to obtain a wider knowledge on the stability of common pigments, the effect of a variety of parameters was reviewed from literature. Discolouration and degradation of pigments significantly alter the legibility of polychrome works of art, so that the development of monitoring methods to ensure the preservation of cultural heritage objects is of primary importance.

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Section: Copper (Z = 29)mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the stability of mediaeval inorganic pigments: a literature review of the effect of climate, material selection, biological activity, analysis and conservation treatments

2017

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“…The IAQ index does not consider synergistic effects because it uses independent KRIs to estimate the risk of elevated degradation and not degradation mechanisms. Several synergistic effects are well known, e.g., lead corrosion is highly promoted in the presence of organic acids and high humidity [29,30]. Since synergistic effects are not considered, periods of elevated risk could be somewhat underestimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized Indoor Air Quality Assessments as a Tool to Prepare Heritage Guardians for Changing Preservation Conditions due to Climate Change

2018

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Climate change will affect the preservation conditions of our cultural heritage. Therefore, well-considered mitigation actions should be implemented to safeguard our heritage for future generations. Environmental monitoring is essential to follow up the change in preservation conditions and to evaluate the effectiveness of performed mitigation actions. To support heritage guardians in the processing and evaluation of monitored data, an indoor air quality (IAQ) index for heritage applications is introduced. The index is calculated for each measured point in time and is visualized in a user-friendly and intuitive way. The current paper describes the backbone of the IAQ-calculating algorithm. The algorithm is subsequently applied on a case study in which a mitigation action is implemented in a church.

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“…The test showed that salts could give reliable and consistent RH conditions, however some salts could affect the A-D strips, for example, some acetates. It has also been suggested that magnesium nitrate might interfere with acetic acid measurements (Tétreault et al, 2003), although in these tests this salt appeared stable in the presence of acetic acid at room temperature. Rather than exploring this concern, an alternative means of producing known RH levels was employed by using specific weights of glycerol mixed with deionized water (Appendix 3).…”

Section: Effect Of Rhmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internally generated pollution in real museum conditions have long been known to have serious effects on specific types of objects but convenient methods of measuring and assessing risks are required (Toishi & Kenjo, 1968;Daniels & Ward, 1982;Zehnder & Arnold, 1984;Tennent et al, 1992;Andrew et al, 1993;Brimblecombe et al, 1999;Brokerhof, 1999;Blades et al, 2002;Ryhl-Svendsen, 1999-2002Tétreault et al, 2003;Beltran & Maekawa, 2005;Odlyha et al, 2007;Schieweck & Salthammer, 2009). For many other materials used in museum objects, including cellulose, there is evidence that low levels of damage may be taking place as a result of exposure to high levels of relatively weak organic acids.…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of the majority of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted in typical storage conditions on materials in museum storage requires further research, but it is known that organic acids such as acetic and formic can cause damage to certain materials, such as lead (Tétreault et al, 1998(Tétreault et al, , 2003, shells, and calcareous materials (Tennent & Baird, 1985;Brokerhof & Van Bommel, 1996), and other materials (Daniels & Ward, 1982;Andrew et al, 1993;Grzywacz & Tennent, 1994;Hatchfield, 2002;Ryhl-Svendsen, 1999-2002Lavédrine, 2003;Grzywacz, 2006). In the past, priority has been given to the study of the stronger externally generated inorganic acid gases such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colour measurement of acid-detector strips for the quantification of volatile organic acids in storage conditions

Hackney¹

2016

Studies in Conservation

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Acid-detector (A-D) strips were originally developed to assess the deterioration of acetate film stock, but they can also be used more generally within enclosures to detect volatile acidic pollution. A hand-held reflectance spectrophotometer was used to record the colour of individual strips in order to make consistent and reproducible readings. Calibration was carried out using the yellow-blue axis b*(D65) value in the CIELAB1976 system to measure the colour of A-D strips suspended in enclosed containers over solutions of acetic acid in combinations with glycerol to control the relative humidity (RH). A-D strips were found to be sensitive to changes in high RH (60-90%) but affected little by changes in lower RH or temperatures in the museum display and storage range. A-D strips can be used to establish the presence of volatile acids, record the indication of acid vapour concentration, explore conditions within a container, and to find sources of volatile acidity. They respond very quickly and several can be placed around an object. They therefore show promise for measuring slowly changing conditions, such as seasonal changes and the gradual accumulation of acidity in poorly ventilated containers and spaces. A-D strips proved useful in assessing air quality in storage and display enclosures. Examples and test results are presented. Wellsealed plywood transit frames and storage cases were found to be most polluted with volatile acids. Storage rooms with air filtration systems but filled with wooden objects had significantly reduced air quality.

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Corrosion of Copper and Lead by Formaldehyde, Formic and Acetic Acid Vapours

Cited by 102 publications

References 10 publications

On the stability of mediaeval inorganic pigments: a literature review of the effect of climate, material selection, biological activity, analysis and conservation treatments

On the stability of mediaeval inorganic pigments: a literature review of the effect of climate, material selection, biological activity, analysis and conservation treatments

Standardized Indoor Air Quality Assessments as a Tool to Prepare Heritage Guardians for Changing Preservation Conditions due to Climate Change

Colour measurement of acid-detector strips for the quantification of volatile organic acids in storage conditions

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