Corrosion of magnesium aluminate spinel-rich refractories by sulphur-containing slag

Flash‐sintering of magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4) ceramics

“…Magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ) is a synthetic material with excellent chemical, thermal, dielectrical, and mechanical properties, and has been therefore used for wide range application in thermo‐structural implementations such as a lining for steel ladle, cement rotary kiln, and glass furnace regenerator . However, dense spinel is difficult to fabricate .…”

“…Magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ) is a synthetic material with excellent chemical, thermal, dielectrical, and mechanical properties, and has been therefore used for wide range application in thermo-structural implementations such as a lining for steel ladle, cement rotary kiln, and glass furnace regenerator. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] However, dense spinel is difficult to fabricate. 7 In earlier works, dense polycrystalline spinel has been obtained through high-temperature conventional sintering (typically >1500°C), 8,9 hot-pressing, [10][11][12] hot isostatic pressing (HIP), [13][14][15][16] spark plasma sintering, 17,18 and microwave sintering.…”

Corrosion of MgO-C with Magnesium Aluminate Spinel Addition in A Steel Casting Simulator

“…Similar to Al 2 O 3 -MgAl 2 O 4 -C, the improved performance of AMC ladle bricks compared to conventional high alumina and doloma refractories have been proven [4]. Spinel contributes with its high refractoriness, high resistance to slag penetration and corrosion, and high thermal shock resistance [6]. In MgO-C, slag penetration decreases with increasing alumina content due to (a) spinel formation, (b) formation of aluminum nitride phases and aluminum carbide (Al 4 C 3 ), which reduce oxidation of carbon, and (c) an increase of slag viscosity by reaction of Al 2 O 3 with slag compounds like SiO 2 and CaO [7].…”

Corrosion Mechanism of MgO–CMA–C Ladle Brick with High Service Life

“…The addition of Al 2 O 3 to MgO–C leads to alumina magnesia carbon (AMC) bricks with excellent properties such as high thermal conductivity, thermal shock resistance, and slag attack resistance, which has also been proven in ladle application . These excellent properties result from the reaction between periclase and alumina forming spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ), which is widely used as a refractory material due to its high refractoriness, thermal shock resistance, and high resistance to slag penetration and corrosion . With increasing alumina content in MgO–C, slag penetration decreases due to 1) formation of spinel; 2) formation of aluminum carbide (Al 4 C 3 ) and aluminum nitride phases which prevent graphite oxidation; and 3) the formation of low‐melting phases by reaction of Al 2 O 3 with, e.g., SiO 2 and CaO from the slag resulting in increase of slag viscosity .…”