Corrosion of materials in absorption heating and refrigeration fluids

Griess, J.C.; DeVan, J.H.; Blanco, H. Perez

doi:10.2172/5415292

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, considering a similar mechanism for SCC in Br − vs. Cl − , one of the necessary (Tsujikawa et al, 1994;Che-Sheng Chen et al, 1997;Newman, 2001;Sridhar et al, 2017) conditions for SCC would be fulfilled if E Corr > E rp . Br − SCC was reported in environments of industrial interest, like completion fluids for the oil and gas industry (Downs et al, 2007;Sridhar et al, 2017) and brines for absorption refrigeration systems (Griess et al, 1985;Itzhak & Elias, 1994;Itzhak et al, 1996). With regard to laboratory tests, Rhodes (1969) reported SCC in 304 stainless steel exposed to 59% MgBr 2 solutions at 150°C, but cracking was not observed when the solution was more dilute than 36%.…”

Section: Br − Stress Corrosion Crackingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The condensed water and concentrated brine are now ready to start a new cycle. Stainless steels are frequently used in metallic parts of those systems, which motivated corrosion studies in concentrated (above 50%) LiBr brines at temperature in the range from 80°C to 160°C (Griess et al, 1985;Guiñon et al 1994;Itzhak & Elias, 1994;Itzhak et al, 1996).…”

Section: Bromidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to the situation for pitting corrosion, the SCC in halides other than Cl − solutions received comparatively less attention. Some cases of SCC were reported for austenitic (Griess et al, 1985;Itzhak & Elias, 1994;Itzhak et al, 1996) and martensitic (Downs et al, 2007) stainless steels in the presence of bromides or other bromine species (Lee et al, 1983;Nordin, 1983). Similar to Cl − solutions, sensitization is not required for SCC occurrence in Br − solutions.…”

Section: Stress Corrosion Cracking In Halides Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LiBr commercial brines for use in absorption refrigeration systems can contain lithium chromates and lithium hydroxide (Griess et al, 1985;Igual Muñoz et al, 2003), added as corrosion inhibitors. These systems operate under deaerated conditions, and besides the problem of integrity of materials, the release of hydrogen by the cathodic reaction at the corrosion potential produces noncondensable gases that decrease efficiency (Chandler, 1999).…”

Section: Scc In Br − Brines For Absorption Refrigeration Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the high operating temperature (~150°C) might favor SCC. With regard to SCC of stainless steels in LiBr brines, in a preliminary report, Griess et al (1985) studied the SCC of austenitic type 304 stainless steel in 68% LiBr solutions at 160°C, conditions similar to those encountered in absorption refrigeration systems. The presence of oxygen was required for cracking of U-bend specimens, and none out of 20 specimens cracked under deaerated conditions (Griess et al, 1985).…”

Section: Scc In Br − Brines For Absorption Refrigeration Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels in halides other than chlorides solutions: a review

Kappes

2019

Corrosion Reviews

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Fluorides, bromides, and iodides, despite being less common than chlorides, are present in various environments of industrial relevance. Stainless steels suffer pitting corrosion in solutions of all halides except fluorides, which can be understood considering that fluoride is the anion of a weak acid. The aggressiveness of the rest of the halides for pitting corrosion is on the order Cl− > Br− > I− for stainless steels with Mo content below 3 wt.%. Mo is not as effective in inhibiting Br− pitting corrosion as it is for inhibiting Cl− pitting corrosion. Most of those observations were rationalized based on the effect of anions on pit growth kinetics. Sensitized austenitic stainless steel suffers stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in solutions of all halides, albeit chlorides seem to be the most aggressive. Fluoride SCC is relevant for SCC under insulation of stainless steels, and standards and regulations developed to mitigate this problem consider this ion as aggressive as chloride. For the solubilized stainless steels, aggressiveness toward SCC is in the order Cl− > Br−. The SCC of solubilized stainless steels was not observed in solutions of F− and I−, and the possible reasons for this fact are discussed.

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Section: Br − Stress Corrosion Crackingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Bromidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stress Corrosion Cracking In Halides Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scc In Br − Brines For Absorption Refrigeration Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scc In Br − Brines For Absorption Refrigeration Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels in halides other than chlorides solutions: a review

Kappes

2019

Corrosion Reviews

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Development of an Advanced Technology for Corrosion Protection and Prevention of a Scale Formation of Evaporative Condensers of Refrigerating Systems

Galkin

2020

Chem Petrol Eng

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Absorption heat transformer - state-of-the-art of industrial applications

Cudok

Giannetti

Ciganda

et al. 2021

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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The use of waste heat or low-exergy heat sources represents a strategic opportunity to reduce the environmental footprint and operation cost of industrial processes. The absorption heat transformer, also known as absorption heat pump type II, is a thermal machine which can boost the temperature of a heat flow by using a negligible amount of electrical power.However, owing to the lack of established technical knowledge and the absence of comprehensive recordings of successful heat transformer applications, the feasibility and reliability of absorption heat transformers have been questioned and the diffusion of this technology remained limited.Therefore, in this paper, all the industrial applications of the absorption heat transformer that are recorded in previous literature and yet unpublished reports are presented and discussed.In addition to literature research, intense knowledge exchange with three leading manufacturers of absorption heat transformers gave an accurate perspective on the technological level of commercial products and operative installations. It is shown that between 1981 and 2019, 48 absorption heat transformers have been installed in 42 plants with a total capacity of ≈ 134 MW. Two main implementation periods, separated by 25 years of infrequent heat transformer installations, have been recognised. More than 74 % of the installations were in Asia. Approximately 61 % of the heat transformer installations were applied into the chemical industry.Therefore, through the analysis of the technical challenges and their solutions, along with related economical aspects of heat transformer installations, the effective state-of-the-art of 1

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Corrosion of materials in absorption heating and refrigeration fluids

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels in halides other than chlorides solutions: a review

Localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels in halides other than chlorides solutions: a review

Development of an Advanced Technology for Corrosion Protection and Prevention of a Scale Formation of Evaporative Condensers of Refrigerating Systems

Absorption heat transformer - state-of-the-art of industrial applications

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