Corrosion of T91 and pure iron in flowing and static Pb-Bi alloy between 450 °C and 540 °C: experiments, modelling and mechanism

Cohesive properties of PbBi/Fe3O4 and PbBi/(Fe,Cr)3O4 interfaces

“…The lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) is one of the most widely studied fourth-generation fast neutron reactors, [1][2][3][4][5] and the lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is one of the coolants with great application potential for the LFR. 6 The LBE has a low melting point (398 K) and a high boiling point (B1927 K), as well as strong heat-carrying and thermal conductivity properties, 7,8 which endow the reactor with a higher heat exchange efficiency and the potential for small modularity. In addition, the LBE can shield the gamma rays from the reactor because of its high density, 8 and it is resistant to air and water corrosion, which makes it inherently safe.…”

Determination of mass transfer coefficient in flow assisted corrosion of steel in liquid Pb Bi. Rotating cylinder geometry

“…Steel corrosion process depends mainly on the concentration of dissolved oxygen in Pb-Bi and the velocity of the liquid alloy. Indeed, for oxygen concentrations lower than the one necessary for magnetite formation (approximately 10 −8 wt % at temperature around 500°C for Fe-9Cr steels), the corrosion process is steel dissolution [1,17,18].Then, in the case of a dissolution process, one essential parameter influencing the corrosion process and thus the corrosion rate is the fluid flow intensity.…”

A Review of the Surface Modifications for Corrosion Mitigation of Steels in Lead and LBE

“…For martensitic steels, homogeneous dissolution occurs promoting more (e.g., [18,33]) or less pronounced relief which may act further as a stress raiser, see Figure 4. Martinelli et al [34] showed that for T91 steel in very low oxygen (near 10 −13 wt.%) LBE, dissolution is linear as a function of time as well as in a static condition, as in dynamics conditions. However, the dissolution rate is controlled by natural convection and by both the interfacial reaction and diffusion controls, respectively.…”

“…Therefore, in order to mitigate the corrosion damage of steels by lead or LBE, intensive research on the surface modifications of materials in contact with liquid metals has Martinelli et al [34] showed that for T91 steel in very low oxygen (near 10 −13 wt.%) LBE, dissolution is linear as a function of time as well as in a static condition, as in dynamics conditions. However, the dissolution rate is controlled by natural convection and by both the interfacial reaction and diffusion controls, respectively.…”