Corrosion of transport pipelines for CO2–Effect of water ingress

Dugstad, Arne; Morland, Bjørn Helge; Clausen, Sigmund

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.218

Cited by 72 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In terms of the selection of impurity concentrations within this publication, the upper values chosen from a health and safety perspective. 5,6 These results are important as the impurity contents are lower and could be agreed as being more representative of what may be encountered during dense-phase CO 2 transport.…”

Section: Discussion Of Reaction Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Understanding the Influence of SO₂and O₂on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Water-Saturated Supercritical CO₂

Hua¹,

Barker²,

Neville³

2015

CORROSION

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The general and localized corrosion behaviour of carbon steel (UNS G15130) in water-saturated supercritical CO 2 conditions containing O 2 and SO 2 at 35°C and 8 MPa is evaluated with a view to the effect this may have on pipeline integrity during dense-phase CO 2 transport. The results indicate that crystalline FeCO 3 forms in the presence of solely water and CO 2 . However, the combined introduction of small concentrations of O 2 and SO 2 (as low as 20 and 2 ppm (mole), respectively) change FeCO 3 crystal morphology. Increasing the concentration of SO 2 to 50 and 100 ppm whilst maintaining O 2 content at 20 ppm resulted in the formation of FeSO 3 ·3H 2 O as well as FeCO 3 . In conjunction with the change in corrosion product chemistry and morphology, general corrosion rates of samples increased from 0.1 mm/year to 0.7 mm/year as a result of the rise in SO 2 content from 0 to 100 ppm (based on 48 hour experiments), whilst localized corrosion rates (determined from surface profilometry) rose from 0.9 to 1.7 mm/year. The research demonstrates that localized corrosion measurements are a fundamental requirement when determining the threat posed to carbon steel pipelines during dense-phase CO 2 transport, exceeding the uniform corrosion rate by nearly one order of magnitude under certain conditions. Additional tests involving solution replenishment over 48 hours indicated that the higher corrosion rates observed in the presence of SO 2 did not present the worst case scenario corrosion rates and highlight the importance of having a system where the process fluid is continuously replenished. The corrosion product morphology and chemistry was identified through a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

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Section: Discussion Of Reaction Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Understanding the Influence of SO₂and O₂on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Water-Saturated Supercritical CO₂

Hua¹,

Barker²,

Neville³

2015

CORROSION

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“…Under conditions which could be argued to be more reflective of the field, Dugstad et al [75] performed a study to understand the effect of SO2 and O2 on the corrosion of carbon steel.…”

Section: Anticipated Corrosion Rates In Co2-h2o-so2-o2 Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal corrosion of carbon steel pipelines for dense-phase CO₂transport in carbon capture and storage (CCS) – a review

Barker

Hua

Neville

2016

International Materials Reviews

134

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Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) has been highlighted as a potential method to enable the continued use of fossil-fuelled power stations through the abatement of carbon dioxide (CO2). A complete CCS cycle requires safe, reliable and cost effective solutions for the transmission of CO2 from the capturing facility to the location of permanent storage. In subsequent sections, early laboratory and field corrosion experience relating to natural dense phase CO2 transport for the purposes of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are summarised along with more recent research efforts which focus on identifying the role of anthropogenic impurities in the degradation processes. For each system impurity, the reaction rates, mechanisms and corrosion product composition/morphology expected at the steel surfaces are discussed, as well as each component's ability to influence the critical water content required to initiate corrosion. Potential bulk phase reactions between multiple impurities are also evaluated in an attempt to help understand how the impurity content may evolve along a long distance pipeline.The likelihood of stress-corrosion cracking and hydrogen-induced cracking is discussed and the various corrosion mitigation techniques which exist to control degradation to acceptable 2 levels are reviewed. Based on the current research performed in the context of impure dense phase CO2 corrosion, issues associated with performing laboratory experiments to replicate field conditions and the challenges such limitations present in terms of defining the safe operating window for CO2 transport are considered.

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“…However, it can be observed from Figure 6 that the CO 2 solubility in water increases considerably after the change of CO 2 phase from gaseous to liquid. Yet, it is essential to understand the difference in the impurities content among different phases during pressure drop, especially when free water is readily available [124]. Unfortunately, as claimed by Ruhl and Kranzmann [125], the impurities in the CO 2 stream are a vital subject with regard to supercritical CO 2 transport that is not totally understood at present.…”

Section: Transport Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of CO 2 transported via pipeline is highest in the supecritical phase as a result of its high density in this phase in comparison with other phases [28,99,124,127,128]. However, for the captured CO 2 to be transported in the supercritical phase, it has to be compressed to a a pressure that is higher than the critical pressure [43,133], in order to prevent two-phase flow in the CO 2 transport pipeline [134].…”

Section: Preferred Conditions For Co 2 Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of key challenges of CO2 transport via pipelines

Onyebuchi

Kolios

Hanak

et al. 2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

149

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Transport of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) via pipeline from the point of capture to a geologically suitable location for either sequestration or enhanced hydrocarbon recovery is a vital aspect of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) chain. This means of CO 2 transport has a number of advantages over other means of CO 2 transport, such as truck, rail, and ship. Pipelines ensure continuous transport of CO 2 from the capture point to the storage site, which is essential to transport the amount of CO 2 captured from the source facilities, such as fossil fuel power plants, operating in a continuous manner. Furthermore, using pipelines is regarded as more economical than other means of CO 2 transportThe greatest challenges of CO 2 transport via pipelines are related to integrity, flow assurance, capital and operating costs, and health, safety and environmental factors. Deployment of CCS pipeline projects is based either on point-to-point transport, in which case a specific source matches a specific storage point, or through the development of pipeline networks with a backbone CO 2 pipeline. In the latter case, the CO 2 streams, which are characterised by a varying impurity level and handled by the individual operators, are linked to the backbone CO 2 pipeline for further compression and transport. This may pose some additional challenges.This review involves a systematic evaluation of various challenges that delay the deployment of CO 2 pipeline transport and is based on an extensive survey of the literature. It is aimed at confidence-building in the technology and improving economics in the long run. Moreover, the knowledge gaps were identified, including lack of analyses on a holistic assessment of component impurities, corrosion consideration at the conceptual stage, the effect of elevation on CO 2 dense phase characteristics, permissible water levels in liquefied CO 2 , and commercial risks associated with project abandonment or cancellation resulting from high project capital and operating costs.2

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Corrosion of transport pipelines for CO2–Effect of water ingress

Cited by 72 publications

References 6 publications

Understanding the Influence of SO₂and O₂on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Water-Saturated Supercritical CO₂

Understanding the Influence of SO₂and O₂on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Water-Saturated Supercritical CO₂

Internal corrosion of carbon steel pipelines for dense-phase CO₂transport in carbon capture and storage (CCS) – a review

A systematic review of key challenges of CO2 transport via pipelines

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Corrosion of transport pipelines for CO2–Effect of water ingress

Cited by 72 publications

References 6 publications

Understanding the Influence of SO2and O2on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Water-Saturated Supercritical CO2

Understanding the Influence of SO2and O2on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Water-Saturated Supercritical CO2

Internal corrosion of carbon steel pipelines for dense-phase CO2transport in carbon capture and storage (CCS) – a review

A systematic review of key challenges of CO2 transport via pipelines

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About

Understanding the Influence of SO₂and O₂on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Water-Saturated Supercritical CO₂

Understanding the Influence of SO₂and O₂on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Water-Saturated Supercritical CO₂

Internal corrosion of carbon steel pipelines for dense-phase CO₂transport in carbon capture and storage (CCS) – a review