Corrosion Products Generated from Mechanically Assisted Crevice Corrosion of Stainless Steel Orthopaedic Implants

Abstract

Accelerated corrosion of metallic implants in vivo can generate both soluble and insoluble products that can be detected locally and systemically. Retrieved stainless steel implants for trauma fixation or spinal instrumentation demonstrate iron and chromium-containing solid products of corrosion deposited around corroded modular junctions and as phagocytosable particles in the adjacent tissues. In some cases, the resulting adverse local tissue reaction has been associated with pain, inflammation and osteolysis, requiring removal of the implant. In vitro cell and organ culture studies confirm that corrosion products such as particles of chromium phosphate can elicit proinflammatory cytokine secretion from macrophages and promote macrophage-mediated bone resorption. Systemically, soluble corrosion products of chromium can be detected in the serum of selected patients with accelerated corrosion of chromium-containing implants. Metal-protein binding studies indicate that the high molecular weight serum proteins including immunoglobulins have the highest affinity for chromium. These findings stress the importance of the design of modular junctions to minimize corrosion of stainless steels used in orthopaedic appliances.

"Caracterização do comportamento frente à corrosão de um aço inoxidável austenítico para aplicações biomédicas com revestimentos PVD de TiN, TiCN e DLC"

“…Estudos in vitro sobre a corrosão de aços inoxidáveis em soluções fisiológicas mostram que elementos tóxicos como Cr, Ni e Mo estão presentes, tanto em solução, como nos produtos de corrosão. A presença destes íons pode resultar no aparecimento de reações inflamatórias e, em casos extremos, na perda do implante (Fathi et al 2003;Urban et al 2003).…”

Integration of Gas-Permeable Structures in Laser Additive Manufactured Products

“…Fracture fixation plates and syringe needles made of 316LV have been used, but removal of the plates has been required due to corrosion. 11 Moreover, the modulus of elasticity of the material is above 200 GPa, which makes the material unsuitable for reconstruction prostheses as it is intended to remain permanently inside the body. Cobalt chromium alloys used for biomedical applications include cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo; ASTM F75) and cobalt-nickel-chromiummolybdenum (CoNiCrMo; ASTM F562).…”

Corrosion behavior of metallic materials in biomedical applications. II. Stainless steels and Co-Cr alloys

“…with mechanically assisted crevice corrosion of orthopedic implants (Crevice Corrosion section) (Goldberg, Buckley, Jacobs, & Gilbert, 1997;Urban et al, 2003). However, the oxide on 316L stainless steel implants has been shown to become depleted in Ni and Mn, indicating preferential release of these ions into the surrounding fluid (Sundgren, Bodö, Lundström, Berggen, & Hellem, 1985).…”

“…Elevated concentrations of Cr have been measured in the serum of patients with modular hip implants made from stainless steel Urban et al, 2003) and in the serum and urine of patients with hip implants containing Co-Cr alloy components (Black, Maitin, Gelman, & Morris, 1983;Jacobs et al, 1998). In addition, a study involving dogs found evidence of Cr in the bone adjacent to Co-Cr bone plates implanted for up to 17 months (Castleman, Motzkin, Alicandri, & Bonawit, 1976).…”