Corrosion resistance assessment of Co-Cr alloy frameworks fabricated by CAD/CAM milling, laser sintering, and casting methods

Tuna, Süleyman Hakan; Pekmez, Nuran Özçiçek; Kürkçüoğlu, İşın

doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.02.031

Cited by 56 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In a similar study, Han et al reported that bond strength values of samples produced with 3D printer were higher than those produced by the traditional casting method or CAD/CAM [ 23 ]. A previous study also reported that SLM metal alloy showed better mechanical microstructure and properties than cast alloy [ 36 ], consistent with our findings that the bond strength of specimens fabricated using SLM alloy were slightly higher than those made by casting Co-Cr alloy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of Bonding Agents on Metal-Ceramic Bond Strength of Co-Cr Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

et al. 2020

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Bonding agents have been developed to improve bond strength between ceramic and Co-Cr metal. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two bonding agents on bond strength of Co-Cr metal fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). Bond strength was determined by a three-point bending test, and the interfaces of the metal and ceramic, before and after the bending test, were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the thickness of the oxide layer and amount of ceramic remaining. To analyze the elemental composition of the bonding agents and fractured surfaces, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used. Co-Cr specimens with bonding agent showed significantly higher bond strength than Co-Cr specimens without bonding agents. The fractured surfaces of most specimens showed mixed failure, but failure mode varied according to bonding agent and fabrication type. Specimens from groups treated with bonding agents had significantly higher remaining ceramic fractions on fractured Co-Cr alloys than specimens from groups that did not receive bonding agent. Mass amounts of silicone (Si) and titanium (Ti) on the fractured alloy surfaces were also different among specimens according to method of fabrication and presence of bonding agent. Together, the results suggest that application of bonding agent to 3D printed Co-Cr metal increases bond strength with ceramics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of Bonding Agents on Metal-Ceramic Bond Strength of Co-Cr Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

et al. 2020

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“…20 On the other hand, criticism of milling techniques includes equipment vibrations and the use of drills that may become worn and unable to reproduce all required detail in prosthetic structures. 2,17 Hypothetically, marginal adaptation of abutments prepared by means of SLM would be equal to or slightly better than metal casting and certainly better than milling. 25 However, in this study, the laser-sintered material exhibited high internal distortion and sharp marginal surface roughness, as well as irregularities of the walls and edges that generated the most significant misfit observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Co-Cr is frequently used in laboratory casting processes; however, recent developments have enabled the use of such alloys with CAD/CAM technologies via subtractive strategies, milling machines, 15 or additive approaches. 16,17 Only a few industrial computer numeric control (CNC) milling machines or especially large CAD/CAM milling machines for dental laboratories are able to produce structures from fully sintered blocks of Co-Cr on a large scale because of the hardness of the material. 18 To widen access to this technology, a Co-Cr alloy for CAD/CAM has been developed (Ceramill Sintron) and presented in the form of metal blocks composed of pressed powder and binding polymers to increase stability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,23,24 The SLM technique can produce more complex 3D specimens than those produced by means of subtractive techniques. 2 The SLM and sintered metal milling technologies have been studied for the development of prosthetic structures over natural teeth, 17,25 as well as abutments for single-tooth implants. 26 Only a few long-term follow-up in vivo studies of implant-supported single-unit CAD/CAM abutments have been published.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of the Adaptation of Single-Unit Screw-Retained Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacture Abutments After Mechanical Cycling

Markarian¹,

Galles²,

França³

2018

Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants

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Purpose: To measure the microgap between dental implants and custom abutments fabricated using different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) methods before and after mechanical cycling. Materials and Methods: CAD software (Dental System, 3Shape) was used to design a custom abutment for a single-unit, screw-retained crown compatible with a 4.1-mm external hexagon dental implant. The resulting stereolithography file was sent for manufacturing using four CAD/CAM methods (n = 40): milling and sintering of zirconium dioxide (ZO group), cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) sintered via selective laser melting (SLM group), fully sintered machined Co-Cr alloy (MM group), and machined and sintered agglutinated Co-Cr alloy powder (AM group). Prefabricated titanium abutments (TI group) were used as controls. Each abutment was placed on a dental implant measuring 4.1 × 11 mm (SA411, SIN) inserted into an aluminum block. Measurements were taken using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (×4,000) on four regions of the implant-abutment interface (IAI) and at a relative distance of 90 degrees from each other. The specimens were mechanically aged (1 million cycles, 2 Hz, 100 N, 37°C) and the IAI width was measured again using the same approach. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test. Results: After mechanical cycling, the best adaptation results were obtained from the TI (2.29 ± 1.13 µm), AM (3.58 ± 1.80 µm), and MM (1.89 ± 0.98 µm) groups. A significantly worse adaptation outcome was observed for the SLM (18.40 ± 20.78 µm) and ZO (10.42 ± 0.80 µm) groups. Mechanical cycling had a marked effect only on the AM specimens, which significantly increased the microgap at the IAI. Conclusion: Custom abutments fabricated using fully sintered machined Co-Cr alloy and machined and sintered agglutinated Co-Cr alloy powder demonstrated the best adaptation results at the IAI, similar to those obtained with commercial prefabricated titanium abutments after mechanical cycling. The adaptation of custom abutments made by means of SLM or milling and sintering of zirconium dioxide were worse both before and after mechanical cycling.

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“…Cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys have been preferred for a long time because of their high strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, and low cost. [1][2][3] Today, by developments in additive manufacturing (AM) and laser technology, Co-Cr metallic dental prostheses or prosthetic parts are manufactured via three dimensional (3D) metal printers and metal laser sintering (MLS) systems that have become alternative to conventional casting methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of corrosion resistance of Co-Cr alloys fabricated with different metal laser sintering systems

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the specimens produced by five different commercial metal laser sintering (MLS) systems with their recommended Co-Cr alloy powders. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The MLS machines and the alloy powders used were, ProX 100-ST2724G (St-Pro), Mysint 100-EOS SP2 (SP2-Mys), EOSINT 270-EOS SP2 (SP2-EOS), SLM 100-Starbond CoS (SB-SLM), and MLab Cusing-Remanium ® Star (RS-MLab), respectively. Eight specimens from each group were prepared. Open circuit potential (E ocp) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of polished surfaces of the specimens were conducted in a three-electrode cell using a potentiostat-galvanostat in Fusayama-Meyer artificial saliva (AS). Specimens from each group were immersed in AS and de-ionized water for seven days. E ocp , charge transfer resistance (R ct) values, and released ions (µg/cm 2 × 7d) in different solutions were determined. The specimen surfaces were observed with SEM/EDS. Results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS. E ocp values have shifted to potentials that are more positive over time. Steady-state E ocp values were from high to low as follows, SB-SLM, SP2-Mys, SP2-EOS, RS-MLab, and ST-Pro, respectively. After 60 mins, RS-MLab specimens had the highest R ct value, followed by SP2-Mys, SB-SLM, SP2-EOS, and ST-Pro. In all groups, ion release was higher in AS than that in de-ionized water. CONCLUSION. There were small differences among the corrosion resistances of the Co-Cr alloy specimens produced with MLS systems; meanwhile, the corrosion resistances were quite high for all specimens.

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Corrosion resistance assessment of Co-Cr alloy frameworks fabricated by CAD/CAM milling, laser sintering, and casting methods

Cited by 56 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of Bonding Agents on Metal-Ceramic Bond Strength of Co-Cr Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Effects of Bonding Agents on Metal-Ceramic Bond Strength of Co-Cr Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of the Adaptation of Single-Unit Screw-Retained Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacture Abutments After Mechanical Cycling

Evaluation of corrosion resistance of Co-Cr alloys fabricated with different metal laser sintering systems

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