Corrosion resistance of protective coatings against molten nitrate salts for thermal energy storage and their environmental impact in CSP technology

Encinas-Sánchez, V.; Batuecas, E.; Macı́as-Garcı́a, A.; Mayo, Carlos; Díaz, Rocío Pérez; Pérez, F.J.

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2018.10.083

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Because the logarithmic term ln [A• f (α)] is constant for a given value of α, the plot of ln dα dt vs. 1 T can be used to derive a value for E a from the gradient and a value for A from the intercept.…”

Section: Kinetic Analysis Of Non-isothermal Hc Mode For the Long-term...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increasing demand for renewable energy has led to solar energy being regarded as an infinite, sustainable, and clean energy source [1]. Among the various solar technologies, concentrated solar power (CSP) enables the production of dispatchable and potentially cost-effective renewable electricity from concentrated solar thermal power, which is traditionally used as a heat source for power generation via thermodynamic cycles [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HC mode of a reversible chemical reaction is driven by the high-temperature heat provided by the concentrated solar radiation. This heat can be chemically stored (charged) as a reaction product in the reduced form, as shown in Equation (1). To release (discharge) the stored heat, the reduced oxide is oxidized back to M x O y (s) in the reverse HD mode in a gas stream containing oxygen, as shown in Equation (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Thermal Cycling Test and Heat-Charging Kinetics of Fe-Substituted Mn2O3 for Next-Generation Concentrated Solar Power Using Thermochemical Energy Storage at High Temperatures

et al. 2022

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We studied the performance in terms of the long-term cyclic thermal storage and heat-charging kinetics of Fe-substituted manganese oxide for use in thermochemical energy storage at temperatures exceeding 550 °C in a next-generation concentrated solar power system in which a gas stream containing oxygen is used for reversible thermochemical processes. The Fe-substituted Mn2O3 was evaluated from the viewpoint of its microstructural characteristics, thermodynamic phase transitions, and long-term cycling stability. A kinetic analysis of the heat-charging mode was performed at different heating rates to formulate the kinetic equation and describe the reaction mechanism by determining the appropriate reaction model. Finally, the kinetics data for the sample obtained after the long-term cycling test were compared and evaluated with those of the as-prepared sample and kinetic literature data tested under different conditions. For the long-term cycled sample, the Avrami–Erofeev reaction model (An) with n = 2 describes the behavior of the first part of the charging mode, whereas the contracting area (R2) reaction model best fits the last half of the charging mode. For the as-prepared sample, except for the early stage of the charging mode (fractional conversion < 0.2), the contracting volume (R3) reaction model fits the charging mode over a fractional conversion range of 0.2–1.0 and the first-order (F1) reaction model fits in the fractional conversion range of 0.4–1.0. The predicted kinetic equations for both the samples were in good agreement with the experimental kinetic data.

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Section: Kinetic Analysis Of Non-isothermal Hc Mode For the Long-term...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Long-Term Thermal Cycling Test and Heat-Charging Kinetics of Fe-Substituted Mn2O3 for Next-Generation Concentrated Solar Power Using Thermochemical Energy Storage at High Temperatures

et al. 2022

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“…Over the last decade, the energy crisis has become a common problem facing mankind urgently due to the nonrenewability of traditional energy sources. Meanwhile, the massive use of fossil energy has also caused serious environmental pollution, so low-carbon renewable energy will become the main energy in the future. − Solar energy has irreplaceable advantages in renewable energy sources and is growing at an annual rate of 30%. , Particularly, concentrated solar power (CSP) has attracted widespread attention in the global solar field. − However, the application of CSP is significantly limited by solar instability. Fortunately, thermal energy storage (TES) technologies perfectly solve the above problems. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Vacancy Defect of Calcium Oxide Surface on the Wettability of Molten Alkali Metal Salt in Calcium Looping Process

et al. 2021

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The influence of the vacancy defect of the CaO surface on the wettability of molten alkali metal salt was studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicated that in the temperature range of 800–1100 K, the molten Na2SO4 on both VDcalcium and VDoxygen defect surfaces presented a poor wettability compared to that on the complete surface. Measurement of the density profile and the contact angle of the molten Na2SO4 showed that the higher the temperature and defect concentration, the worse the wettability. The micromechanism was revealed by calculating the polarization intensity that the vacancy defect surface led to the formation of the induced dipole moment in the molten Na2SO4. Induced polarization caused by defect surfaces reduces the wettability of Na2SO4. More importantly, as the temperature and defect concentration increase, various defect surfaces form loose and local weak liquidity structures. These structures are beneficial for the diffusion of carbon dioxide into the solid, but the reduction in the spreading area caused by poor wettability causes the efficiency of the CaL to decline. The vibration difference between Na2SO4 and CaO increases with the increased temperature and defect concentration. This means that the thermal energy transportability at the interface is suppressed by poor wettability.

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“…Increasing the maximum operating temperature by using molten salts allows the use of higher efficiency cycles. However, the inclusion of molten salts (with its maximum operating temperature of about 600 °C) requires suitable containment materials resistant to corrosion [15,16]. Over many years, gains in thermal efficiency have been achieved by the development of steels with better creep properties [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of elemental composition in environmental impacts of steel

Batuecas

Mayo

Díaz

et al. 2019

J. Iron Steel Res. Int.

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The environmental behavior of four steels was analyzed. In the operation phase of concentrating solar power plants, steels withstand high temperature because of its contact with molten salts. Hence, choosing the steel type for the molten salt tanks remains a great challenge. In the cold tank, carbon steel is usually used although an approach with low chromium content steel is being studied for these applications. Likewise, in high temperature applications, such as hot store tank, austenitic stainless steel is the most frequent choice. However, ferritic steel is being considered as a promising material in these applications. As many researchers studied the steel technical properties without considering their environmental damages, this work aimed to introduce the environmental aspects into the material choice by using the life cycle assessment technique. On one hand, the results showed the environmental adequacy of carbon steel against low chromium content steel. On the other hand, the results obtained in those steels suitable in high temperature application revealed significant environmental benefits from the ferritic steel instead of the austenitic steel.

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Corrosion resistance of protective coatings against molten nitrate salts for thermal energy storage and their environmental impact in CSP technology

Cited by 33 publications

References 54 publications

Long-Term Thermal Cycling Test and Heat-Charging Kinetics of Fe-Substituted Mn2O3 for Next-Generation Concentrated Solar Power Using Thermochemical Energy Storage at High Temperatures

Long-Term Thermal Cycling Test and Heat-Charging Kinetics of Fe-Substituted Mn2O3 for Next-Generation Concentrated Solar Power Using Thermochemical Energy Storage at High Temperatures

Influence of Vacancy Defect of Calcium Oxide Surface on the Wettability of Molten Alkali Metal Salt in Calcium Looping Process

Influence of elemental composition in environmental impacts of steel

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